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sodium chloride

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sodium chloride

common table salt; a soluble colourless crystalline compound occurring naturally as halite and in sea water: widely used as a seasoning and preservative for food and in the manufacture of chemicals, glass, and soap. Formula: NaCl
Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

sodium chloride

[′sōd·ē·əm ′klȯr‚īd]
(inorganic chemistry)
NaCl Colorless or white crystals; soluble in water and glycerol, slightly soluble in alcohol; melts at 804°C; used in foods and as a chemical intermediate and an analytical reagent. Also known as common salt; table salt.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Sodium Chloride

 

(common salt), NaCl, colorless crystals. Density, 2.161 g/cm’; melting point, 801°C. Solubility in water, 26.28 percent at 0°C, 26.43 percent at 25°C, and 28.12 percent at 100°C. The solubility of NaCl is markedly reduced in the presence of other salts. Sodium chloride occurs naturally as rock salt, or halite.

Sodium chloride is an important food product, and it is also used in the preservation of meat and fish and as an additive in cattle feed. It is one of the main chemical raw materials and is used in the preparation of sodium hydroxide, chlorine, soda, and sodium sulfate. In cases of sodium chloride deficiency in the body, pachyemia is observed, and spasms of the smooth muscles, convulsive contraction of skeletal muscles, and various disorders of the circulatory and nervous systems may develop. In the case of certain disorders, such as kidney diseases and hypertension, intake of NaCl must be restricted.

An isotonic NaCl solution (0.9 percent) is used for subcutaneous (intravenous) administration, as a detoxicant enema, and as a solvent for pharmaceuticals. A hypertonic solution (3–5 to 10 percent) is applied externally as a compress or lotion in the treatment of purulent wounds.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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