To keep the acidic stomach contents away from its delicate tissue, the esophagus relies only on gravity and a
sphincter muscle at the lower end.
In patients with dyssynergic defecation and loss of stool, the goal of neuromuscular training is two-fold: 1) to correct the dyssynergia or incoordination of the abdominal, rectal, puborectalis, and anal
sphincter muscles to achieve a normal and complete evacuation; and 2) to enhance rectal sensory perception in patients with impaired rectal sensation (Markland et al., 2008).
Proper management would have enabled diagnosis of the cancer at a stage when radical surgery could have been avoided and the
sphincter muscle preserved, eliminating the need for a permanent colostomy.
Most incontinence in women is triggered by problems with the bladder and
sphincter muscles, which can weaken with age.
Nevertheless they were able to induce regeneration of the mouse's own urethral
sphincter muscle."
These include loss of muscle tone of the
sphincter muscle of the oesophagus, hairball obstruction, intestinal parasites, gastric ulcers, etc.
Interventions to reduce sphincter tone include Botox injections, surgical incision of the
sphincter muscle or a urethral stent to keep the sphincter open.
"A person must be able to squeeze the
sphincter muscle to prevent urine from leaking out and the detrusor muscle must stay relaxed so that the bladder can expand.
Normal urination requires the proper function of the urinary
sphincter muscle (which controls the flow of urine out of the body) and the detrusor muscle in the bladder wall.
Genital tract trauma is one of the most common obstetric morbidity after vaginal delivery.1 Long term perineal morbidity is associated with failure to rec-ognize or to repair perineal tears adequately, as well as trauma to the external anal sphincter can lead to major physical, psychological and social problems.2 There is a wide variety in the reported incidence of anal
sphincter muscle injury from childbirth, with the true incidence likely to be approximately 11% of postpartum women.3 As far as risk factors are con-cerned both mother and fetus are being blamed for it.
When the stool is too soft, the
sphincter muscle doesn't apply enough pressure to empty the sacs as the dog expels feces.
In addition, certain foods and drinks--chocolate; tomatoes; raw onions; garlic; black pepper; vinegar; peppermint; fatty or spicy foods, and caffeinated, carbonated, or alcoholic beverages--relax the
sphincter muscle, making reflux more likely.