The separation of arthrodires into the community of their own from the tetrapod one might be due to their
stenohaline habits and dependence on a food type missing in the basin part of the Andreyevka-2 locality.
Most of the studies revealed that larvae of many sea urchin species are
stenohaline, where their survival and growth are mostly influenced by salinity changes (Bressen et al., 1995; Cowart et al., 2009; Allen and Pechenik, 2010).This study represents the first time investigation of salinity effect on fertilization, embryonic and larval development in long-spined black seaurchin D.
In our experiments on snow and southern Tanner crabs, a similar phenomenon was observed in
stenohaline crabs for the first time.
Since these fish species are
stenohaline, therefore they do not perform well at higher salinities (>7.5 ppt).
Effects of environmental Cl--levels on Cl uptake and mitochondria--rich cell morphology in gills of the
stenohaline goldfish, Carassius auratus.
That is, they are much more tolerant of long temporal extremes and wide fluctuations in salinity and temperature than Arcidae mudflat bivalves such as Anadara, which are
stenohaline (Healy and Wells 1998; Peterson and Wells 1998; Richard Willan pers.
Faunal assemblages are, in general, similar to those of European marine bands (Calver 1968), but are conspicuously lacking in
stenohaline elements such as goniatites; collectively, data suggest brackish salinities (Calder 1998).
Fursich and Werner, 1984), the accompanying fauna (also including some
stenohaline brachiopods) does not indicate such lowered salinities (Gahr, 2000).
Freshwater and estuarine fish typically have higher radiocesium burdens than
stenohaline species (see Avery, 1996; Kasamatsu and Ishikawa, 1997, and references therein).
The LSL plays an important role in determining the zonation patterns of subtidal invertebrates in the upper few meters by limiting the distribution of
stenohaline species (Batham 1965, Gage 1974, Rosenberg and Moller 1979, Grange et al.
These fishes should be more
stenohaline and would move to less saline waters in the presence of oceanic water.