of the greater proximity of the superior planets to the earth when they
Likewise, Spearman's Principle favours Copernicus's theory even though in order for Copernicus's theory to account for the constraint governing the oppositions of Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, it must set the parameter specifying the number of superior planets to a particular value (namely, three).
The
superior planets, those beyond the Earth's orbit, are best seen at opposition, when the planet is closest to Earth and directly opposite the Sun; it then rises at sunset and culminates at midnight.