In the leg,
tibialis anterior is the most commonly involved muscle and most reported in the literature.
The magnetic resonance imaging of the lower leg obtained with fat suppression fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequence showed stranding over left
tibialis anterior muscle and small amount of fluid around the tendon sheath [Figure 2].
An aim of pre-operative physiotherapy was to teach patients to learn isolated contraction and strengthening of the
tibialis posterior muscle.
Skin area involved in taping was that relative to TA, PL and
Tibialis Posterior (TP) as these are the muscles mainly recruited in concentric and eccentric ankle control.
Right
tibialis anterior compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was evoked by peroneal nerve stimulation.
In the computer-controlled PPTs there were significant effects of time at the infrapatellar fat pad, at the vastus lateralis, and at the
tibialis anterior muscles (P < 0.0001; Figure 2).
A standardized surgical lesion was performed using a 5 mm diameter biopsy punch blade, creating an approximately 60 [micro]L volume full thickness defect in the midbelly region of the
tibialis anterior muscle (Figures 2(a)-2(c)).
The knee extensors (rectus femoris), plantar flexors (medial gastrocnemius,
tibialis posterior), and dorsiflexors (
tibialis anterior) showed average decreases in activation over both the full gait cycle and double support (-0.21, -0.35, -0.24, and -0.41 over double support, resp.).
Particularly within the tendons, the fibularis tertius and fibularis brevis are the most prevalent, with cases also noted at
tibialis anterior, flexor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum longus, and
tibialis posterior.
Gastrocnemius and
tibialis anterior muscles from both legs were also removed, weighed and quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen for biochemical analysis.