toxoid

[′täk‚sȯid]

(immunology)

Detoxified toxin, but with antigenic properties intact; toxoids of tetanus and diphtheria are used for immunization.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Toxoid

(also anatoxin), a harmless derivative of a toxin that retains its antigenic and immunogenic properties. It is obtained by rendering the toxin harmless with formalin at 37–40°C. A toxoid suitable for immunizing human beings was first obtained in 1923 by the French immunologist G. Ramon. Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids are used as prophylactic measures against these infections. Staphylococcal, botulin, and dysentery toxoids, toxoids produced by the causative agents of gas gangrene and made from the poisons of some poisonous snakes, and other toxoids have been produced and are used for specific prophylaxis and treatment. Toxoids are also used for immunizing horses in order to obtain medicinal antitoxic serums (antitetanus and antidiphtheria).

T. I. BULATOVA

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References in periodicals archive

Preventing tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine.

Immunization update: latest recommendations from the CDC: Provisional recommendations for the varicella zoster vaccine, plus pertussis, hepatitis B, HPV, and rotavirus

htm); ActHIB (Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine [Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate], manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA) (http://www.

Food and Drug Administration approval for use of Hiberix as a 3-dose primary Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination series

Pentacel (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed, inactivated poliovirus) and Haemophilus b conjugate (tetanus toxoid conjugate) vaccine).

Licensure of a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis adsorbed and inactivated poliovirus vaccine and guidance for use as a booster dose

Two Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed (Tdap) products were licensed for single-dose use earlier this year: Glaxo-SmithKline's Boostrix, approved for ages 10-18 years, and Sanofi-Pasteur's Adacel, for ages 11-64 years.

ACIP votes for routine use of adolescent Tdap vaccine

Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in adults aged 65 years and older--Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012.

Missed opportunities for tetanus postexposure prophylaxis--California, January 2008-March 2014

A new policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends universal immunization with the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine at the 11-12 year-age visit, as well as catch-up immunization of older adolescents, to boost individual and herd protection against pertussis.

AAP policy on pertussis

In October 2011, in an effort to reduce the burden of pertussis in infants, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that unvaccinated pregnant women receive a dose of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) (1).

Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women--advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP), 2012

Two Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed (Tdap) products were licensed for single-dose use earlier this year: GlaxoSmithKline's Boostrix, approved for ages 10-18 years, and Sanofi-Pasteur's Adacel, for ages 11-64 years.

ACIP: add Tdap to routine shots