vasoconstrictor

[¦vā·zō·kən′strik·tər]

(physiology)

A nerve or an agent that causes blood vessel constriction.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Vasoconstrictor

one of a group of pharmacological agents that cause the constriction of the smooth muscles of blood vessels, which results in a narrowing of vascular lumens and an increase in arterial pressure and resistance to blood flow.

A distinction is made between vasoconstrictors with central action and those with peripheral action. Vasoconstrictors with central action stimulate the centers of the nervous regulation of vascular tone. The principal representatives of these neural stimulants are caffeine, strychnine, korazole, cordiamin, and camphor. Vasoconstrictors with peripheral action primarily include substances that excite the adrenergic receptors of blood vessels; these substances include epinephrine, norepinephrine, Mezaton (Adrianol), and ephedrine. Myotropic agents, for example, vasopressin and angiotensin, constitute a special group of vasoconstrictors with peripheral action. Astringents also have a local vasoconstrictive effect.

Vasoconstrictors are used to treat collapse; locally, they are used to halt bleeding and, in laryngological practice, to diminish inflammatory phenomena.

REFERENCE

Anichkov, S. V. Izbiratel’noe deistvie mediatornykh sredstv. Leningrad, 1974.

Mentioned in

References in periodicals archive

A los 10-11 dias, sobre los filtros de metilcelulosa, se instilaron las siguientes soluciones: Grupo 1 (Control) (n=4): 10 mL de suero fisiologico; Grupo 2 (n=4): 10 mL de suspension de triamcinolona 10 mg mas lidocaina al 2 % con epinefrina 1:200.000, diluida en suero fisiologico 1:50; Grupo 3 (n=4): 10 mL de triamcinolona 10 mg sin asociar a anestesicos locales, diluida en suero fisiologico 1:50; Grupo 4 (n=4): 10 mL de suspension triamcinolona 10 mg mas lidocaina al 2 % sin vasoconstrictor, diluida en suero fisiologico 1:50 (Fig.

Antiangiogenic Effect of Triamcinolone Associated with Lidocaine with Epinephrine for Dental use in Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane/ Efecto Antiangiogenico de la Triamcinolona Asociada a Lidocaina con Epinefrina de Uso Odontologico en la Membrana Alantocorionica de Pollo

(5,8) Accordingly, prilocaine is considered as a least vasodilator and can be a good choice for patients whom vasoconstrictor is contraindicated.

Is prilocaine safe and potent enough for use in the oral surgery of medically compromised patients

Addition of vasoconstrictor agent prolongs its effects by 50%.

Possibility to control anxiety and pain in endodontic dental treatment--review

Group-A were treated with silver nitrate cauterization followed by fucidic acid ointmnet application and group-B were treated by vasoconstrictor nasal spray along with fucidic acid ointment.

COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL CAUTERY VERSUS TOPICAL VASOCONSTRICTORS IN IDIOPATHIC PEDIATRIC ANTERIOR EPISTAXIS

Vasoconstrictor agents have benefits like delaying the absorption of local anesthesia toxicity; they increase the depth and duration of local anesthesia and provide homeostasis.1 Despite all these, they have limited dose of systemic absorption and initiate the side effects in hypertensive patients, until used in safe dosage.2 The frequent increase in the number of patients in OPD with hypertension and the use of local anesthesia with vasoconstrictor agents in patients raise concerns about the elevation of B.P.

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF LOCAL ANAESTHESIA IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

In conclusion, our results show that C.gayi exhibit a similar vasoconstrictor pattern as that observed in marine fish by an ACh-mediated mechanism regulated by muscarinic receptors that activate a cyclooxygenase contraction pathway, and ACh is not related with relaxing mechanisms.

Acetylcholine produces contractions mediated by the cyclooxygenase pathway in arterial vessels in the Chilean frog (Calyptocephalella gayi)/Acetilcolina produz contracoes mediadas pela via da ciclooxigenase em vasos arteriais da ra chileno (Calyptocephalella gayi)

The abortive treatment of choice for migraine is one of the ergot alkaloids or triptans, which are vasoconstrictors that act upon the terminal branches of the external carotid artery.

A method for determining when the superficial scalp arteries are the source of migraine pain

Most studies suggested that HRS pathogenesis is associated with the vasoconstrictor system, including excessive vasopressin secretion.10,11 Meanwhile, Oikaw et al.12 demonstrated that AVPR1A antagonist has a potential treatment efficacy for primary hypertension.

Association of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a gene polymorphisms with hepatorenal syndrome

[4] Use of local vasoconstrictors can lead to endoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique that has found a definite place in all surgical techniques.

Anaesthetic concerns in functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Han, "Systematic review of topical vasoconstrictors in endoscopic sinus surgery," Laryngoscope, vol.

Acute Vision Loss Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery