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allotropy |
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allotropy (əlŏ`trəpē) [Gr.,=other form]. A chemical element is said to exhibit allotropy when it occurs in two or more forms in the same physical state; the forms are called allotropes. Allotropes generally differ in physical properties such as color and hardness; they may also differ in molecular structure or chemical activity, but are usually alike in most chemical properties. Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of the element carbon carbon [Lat.,=charcoal], nonmetallic chemical element; symbol C; at. no. 6; at. wt. 12.011; m.p. about 3,550°C;; graphite sublimes about 3,375°C;; b.p. 4,827°C;; sp. gr. 1.8–2.1 (amorphous), 1.9–2.3 (graphite), 3.15–3.
..... Click the link for more information. . Ozone ozone , an allotropic form of the chemical element oxygen (see allotropy). Pure ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas with a characteristic fresh, penetrating odor. The gas has a density of 2.144 grams per liter at STP. ..... Click the link for more information. is a chemically active triatomic allotrope of the element oxygen oxygen, gaseous chemical element; symbol O; at. no. 8; at. wt. 15.9994; m.p. −218.4°C;; b.p. −182.962°C;; density 1.429 grams per liter at STP; valence −2. ..... Click the link for more information. . Phosphorus phosphorus [Gr.,=light-bearing], nonmetallic chemical element; symbol P; at. no. 15; at. wt. 30.97376; m.p. 44.1°C;; b.p. about 280°C;; sp. gr. 1.82 at 20°C;; valence −3, +3, or +5. ..... Click the link for more information. , sulfur sulfur or sulphur , nonmetallic chemical element; symbol S; at. no. 16; at. wt. 32.06; m.p. 112.8°C; (rhombic), 119.0°C; (monoclinic), about 120°C; (amorphous); b.p. 444.674°C;; sp. gr. at 20°C;, 2.07 (rhombic), 1. ..... Click the link for more information. , and tin tin, metallic chemical element; symbol Sn [Lat. stannum]; at. no. 50; at. wt. 118.69; m.p. 231.9681°C;; b.p. 2,270°C;; sp. gr. 5.75 (gray), 7.3 (white); valence +2 or +4. Tin exhibits allotropy; above 13. ..... Click the link for more information. also exhibit allotropy. Many metals have allotropic crystalline forms that are stable at different temperatures. Polymorphism polymorphism, of minerals, property of crystallizing in two or more distinct forms. Calcium carbonate is dimorphous (two forms), crystallizing as calcite or aragonite. Titanium dioxide is trimorphous; its three forms are brookite, anatase (or octahedrite), and rutile. ..... Click the link for more information. is an analogous phenomenon observed in chemical compounds. allotropy, allotropism the existence of an element in two or more physical forms. The most common elements having this property are carbon, sulphur, and phosphorus allotropy [ə′lä·trə·pē] (chemistry) The assumption by an element of two or more different forms or structures which are most frequently stable in different temperature ranges, such as different crystalline forms of carbon as charcoal, graphite, or diamond. Also known as allotriomorphism; allotropism. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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