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manometer [mə′näm·əd·ər]
Manometer
A double-leg liquid-column gage used to measure the difference between two fluid pressures. Micromanometers are precision instruments which typically measure from very low pressures to 50 mm of mercury (6.7 kilopascals). The barometer is a special case of manometer with one pressure at zero absolute. See Barometer
The various types of manometers have much in common with the U-tube manometer, which consists of a hollow tube, usually glass, a liquid partially filling the tube, and a scale to measure the height of one liquid surface with respect to the other (see illustration). If the legs of this manometer are connected to separate sources of pressure, the liquid will rise in the leg with the lower pressure and drop in the other leg. The difference between the levels is a function of the applied pressure and the specific gravity of the pressurizing and fill fluids.
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A well-type manometer has one leg with a relatively small diameter, and the second leg is a reservoir. The cross-sectional area of the reservoir may be as much as 1500 times that of the vertical leg, so that the level of the reservoir does not change appreciably with a change of pressure. Mercurial barometers are commonly made as well-type manometers.
The inclined-tube manometer is used for gage pressures below 10 in. (250 mm) of water differential. The leg of the well-type manometer is inclined from the vertical to elongate the scale. Inclined double-leg U-tube manometers are also used to measure very low differential pressures. See Pressure measurement
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