The
arterioles regulate the amount of blood that enters these capillary networks.
This leads to most examiners applying an almost binary approach to grading AVR by stating 2:3 in most cases, whereas in cases of vessels of the same size as 1:1 and retinal
arterioles classed as generalised narrow, referred to as 1:2.
Yet these tiny
arterioles and venules deliver oxygen and nutrients to energy-hungry brain cells and carry away wastes.
Angiotensin II directly increases glomerular filtration pressure by causing constriction of the efferent
arterioles.
Drugs, such as the immunosuppressants cyclosporine and tacrolimus, chemo-therapeutic drugs bleomycin and cisplatin, clopidogrel, oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives and quinine may cause thrombosis in the afferent renal
arteriole and glomerulus.
Using the x40 objective lens of the compound light microscope allows only a single layer of the three-dimensional
arteriole to be focused at a time (Fig.
direct tissue
arteriole diameter measurements to assess vasoactivity
4] causes inflammation resulting in
arteriole occlusion and hypertension," said Joanne Quan, MD, Chief Medical Officer at Eiger.
The process of hyalinosis invariably also affects the glomerular
arteriole in moderately advanced diabetic nephropathy.
Also, if such glands are found in close proximity to a thick-walled, medium or small
arteriole, it most likely represents an invasive adenocarcinoma.
A salmon patch haemorrhage is observed in sickle cell disease and appears as an oval-shaped area of intra-retinal or pre-retinal blood, believed to occur secondary to an obstructed retinal
arteriole, which subsequently ruptures.
Retinal arteriosclerosis: chronic hypertension leads to fibrosis in the
arteriole walls of retinal vessels