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behaviourism |
Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Medical, Wikipedia, Hutchinson | 0.04 sec. |
behaviourismHighly influential academic school of psychology that dominated psychological theory in the U.S. between World War I and World War II. Classical behaviourism concerned itself exclusively with the objective evidence of behaviour (measured responses to stimuli) and excluded ideas, emotions, and inner mental experience (see conditioning). It emerged in the 1920s from the work of John B. Watson (who borrowed from Ivan Pavlov) and was developed in subsequent decades by Clark L. Hull and B.F. Skinner. Through the work of Edward C. Tolman, strict behaviourist doctrines began to be supplemented or replaced by those admitting such variables as reported mental states and differences in perception. A natural outgrowth of behaviourist theory was behaviour therapy. |
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| Although all the variability in human behavior cannot be explained, behavioristic theory is perhaps the cornerstone of this science. By the way, in the '40s, when Claude Shannon--the computer scientist who invented binary code--was in search of pictorial means for representing cybernetic processes, he had recourse to this behavioristic experimental model. Third, as with much of the research grounded in a behavioristic perspective, the specific characteristics of the stimulus, or even the context in which the stimulus occurred, were viewed as somewhat arbitrary. |
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