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matrix |
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matrix, in mathematics, a rectangular array of elements (e.g., numbers) considered as a single entity. A matrix is distinguished by the number of rows and columns it contains. The matrix
is a 2×3 (read "2 by 3") matrix, because it contains 2 rows and 3 columns. A matrix having the same number of rows as columns is called a square matrix. The matrix
is a 2×2 matrix, or square matrix of order 2; a square matrix of order n contains n rows and n columns. Definitions are made for certain operations with matrices; for example, a matrix may be multiplied by a number, and two matrices of the same order may be added or multiplied using an algebra of matrices that has been developed. Matrices find application in such fields as vector analysis and the solution of systems of linear equations by means of electronic computers.
BibliographySee R. C. Dorfi, Matrix Algebra (1969). matrixSet of numbers arranged in rows and columns to form a rectangular array. Matrix elements may also be differential operators, vectors, or functions. Matrices have wide applications in engineering, physics, economics, and statistics, as well as in various branches of mathematics. They are usually first encountered in the study of systems of equations represented by matrix equations of the form Ax = B, which may be solved by finding the inverse of matrix A or by using an algebraic method based on its determinant. An array of elements in row and column form. See x-y matrix.
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| In these tests, normal CILP slowed the activity of another protein, called TGF-[beta]1, that normally regenerates cartilage matrix tissue, the team reports. Obtaining cultures or performing histochemical staining can help rule out infectious organisms, while clinical tests for cartilage matrix proteins or antibodies to type II collagen (found uniquely in cartilage) can help define relapsing polychondritis. Glucosamine and chondroitin are biochemical components of proteoglycan molecules in the articular cartilage matrix, and their role in the integrity of the cartilage has been established. |
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