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Chauvinism |
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chauvinism (shō`vənĭzəm), word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism. As a social phenomenon, chauvinism is essentially modern, becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries and imperialism beginning in the 19th cent. It has been encouraged by mass communication, originally by the cheap newspaper. Chauvinism exalts consciousness of nationality, spreads hatred of minorities and other nations, and is associated with militarism, imperialism, and racism. In the 1960s, the term "male chauvinist" appeared in the women's liberation movement; it is applied to males who refuse to regard females as equals. Chauvinism See also Bigotry, Patriotism. Chauvin, Nicolas soldier who passionately admired Napoleon; whence, ultranationalism. [Fr. Hist.: NCE, 518] treats wife Nora as an inferior being. [Nor. Lit.: A Doll’s House] legendary second-century empress of Japan, victorious invader of Korea and hence the conjectural eponym of jingoism. [Jap. Hist.: EB (1963) XIII, 69] nickname of 19th-century English pro-war party. [Br. Hist.: EB (1963) XIII, 69] denigrating designation for a man who treats women as inferiors. [Am. Pop. Culture: Misc.] How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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The violation of national security by non-state agents of terror requires international solidarity, not a hodge-podge of one-sided chauvinisms. Clumsy copies of famous high-European designs, they could be seen as a critique of old Western chauvinisms and as an amusing comment on the problems of translation between cultures. He formed his own California commune, the Red Family, from which he was expelled for various chauvinisms and political defects. |
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