Cod-Liver Oil

cod-liver oil, yellowish oil obtained from the liver of the codfish. The oil is rich in vitamin A and vitamin D (calciferol). It was long used as a preventive and cure for rickets in Baltic and Scandinavian countries, where fish is a dietary staple. However, it was not until the 1920s that doctors in the U.S. finally recognized its therapeutic usefulness. More palatable synthetic vitamins have largely replaced cod-liver oil as dietary supplements, and almost all the milk sold in the United States and Europe now contains added vitamins A and D. See vitamin.

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cod-liver oil

Oil obtained primarily from the liver of the Atlantic cod and related fish. It is principally a mixture of the glycerides (see glycerol) of many fatty acids, but its minor constituents, the fat-soluble vitamin A and vitamin D, give it its importance. It was once used to treat and prevent rickets, but the widespread fortification of milk with vitamin D in the United States and Europe beginning in the 1930s eliminated rickets as a significant public health problem. It is still used as a remedy for joint pain caused by arthritis and as a preventive of cardiovascular disease, although these benefits have not been proven scientifically. It is also used in feeds for poultry and other animals.

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cod-liver oil

an oil extracted from the livers of cod and related fish, rich in vitamins A and D and used to treat deficiency of these vitamins

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cod-liver oil [′käd ‚liv·ər ‚ȯil]

(materials)

A yellow oil, high in vitamin D, extracted from the liver of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morrhua); soluble in alcohol. Also known as banks oil; oleum morrhuae.

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Cod-Liver Oil 

a product obtained from the liver of fishes of the cod family (Gadidae). Cod-liver oil is a clear, thick liquid having a characteristic odor. It is pale yellow or yellow-brown in color. The oil consists mainly of triglycerides of unsaturated carboxylic acids; it also contains small amounts of free fatty acids, cholesterol, phosphatides, and vitamins A and D.

Cod-liver oil is used in medicine and animal husbandry as a source of vitamins A and D. One milliliter contains 200–500 IU (international units) of vitamin A and 80–100 IU of vitamin D. Cod-liver oil is used internally to prevent rickets and vitamin A deficiency. A similar oil, obtained from the subcutaneous fat of aquatic mammals (whales, porpoises, and seals), is used externally to treat skin disorders.

In animal husbandry, cod-liver oil is used to accelerate animal growth and development and to prevent and treat rickets and xerophthalmia. Although the oil is fed mainly to young animals, it may be used to treat fowl of all ages. The oil is stored in cool, dark places, because the vitamin D is converted to poisonous toxisterol when exposed to light.

Cod-liver oil obtained from wastes in the evisceration and processing of fish is used in leather and soap production.