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commensalism
(redirected from commensal)

   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Medical, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.03 sec.
commensalism (kəmĕn`səlĭz'əm), relationship between members of two different species of organisms in which one individual is usually only slightly benefited, while the other member is not affected at all by the relationship. For example, some flatworms live attached to the gills of the horseshoe crab, obtaining bits of food from the crab's meals; the crab is apparently unaffected. In many cases commensalism cannot be distinguished from parasitism (see parasite parasite, plant or animal that at some stage of its existence obtains its nourishment from another living organism called the host. Parasites may or may not harm the host, but they never benefit it.
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). See also competition competition, in biology, relationship between members of the same or different species in which individuals are adversely affected by those having the same living requirements, such as food or space. Intraspecific competition, i.e.
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; symbiosis symbiosis (sĭmbēō`sĭs), the habitual living together of organisms of different species.
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lwoffii) is a commensal organism of human skin, oropharynx, and perineum that shows tropism for urinary tract mucosa (6).
32) However, improvements in the medical management of immunosuppressed patients and the wider use of immunosuppressive therapies has led to the identification of a long list of unusual fungal pathogens, some of which were previously thought to be solely commensal.
However, the nitrate-reducing activity of commensal bacteria may convert nitrate into nitrite and other bioactive nitrogen compounds that affect physiological processes and human health.
 
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