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tsar |
Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Wikipedia, Hutchinson | 0.01 sec. |
tsaror czarByzantine or Russian emperor. The title, derived from caesar, was used in the Middle Ages to refer to a supreme ruler, particularly the Byzantine emperor. With the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, the Russian monarch became the only remaining Orthodox monarch, and the Russian Orthodox clergy considered him a possible new supreme head of Orthodox Christianity. Ivan IV (the Terrible) was the first to be crowned tsar, in 1547. Though theoretically wielding absolute power, he and his successors were limited by the power of the Orthodox church, the Boyar Council, and the successive legal codes of 1497, 1550, and 1649. In 1721 Peter I changed his title to “Emperor of All Russia,” but he and his successors continued to be popularly called tsars. tsar, czar 1. (until 1917) the emperor of Russia 2. Informal a public official charged with responsibility for dealing with a certain problem or issue 3. (formerly) any of several S Slavonic rulers, such as any of the princes of Serbia in the 14th century How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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| WASHINGTON -- From tales of Italian and Irish grandparents landing at Ellis Island to a reminiscence about a father who fled czarist Russia to find refuge in America, members of Congress are shaking the history from their family trees. Now with a new introduction by Professor of Russian Maria Nemcova Banerjee, The Meaning Of History is a philosophical treatise by intellectual Nikolai Berdyaev, witness to two world wars, who survived arrest for political suspicion first by Czarist and then by Bolshevik police, who died in exile in France in 1948 doggedly pursuing his studies and analysis to the end. About 50 percent of the work deals with the Baptists as they confront the Czarist regime, beginning with the euphoria of toleration in 1905 but facing increasing restriction and attack before and during World War I. |
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