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toxoid |
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toxoid, protein toxin toxin, poison produced by living organisms. Toxins are classified as either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are a diverse group of soluble proteins released into the surrounding tissue by living bacterial cells. ..... Click the link for more information. treated by heat or chemicals so that its poisonous property is destroyed but its capacity to stimulate the formation of toxin antibodies antibody, protein produced by the immune system (see immunity ) in response to the presence in the body of antigens: foreign proteins or polysaccharides such as bacteria, bacterial toxins , viruses, or other cells or proteins. ..... Click the link for more information. , or antitoxins antitoxin, any of a group of antibodies formed in the body as a response to the introduction of poisonous products, or toxins . By introducing small amounts of a specific toxin into the healthy body, it is possible to stimulate the production of antitoxin so that the ..... Click the link for more information. , remains. Because toxoids can be given in large quantities with no risk of tissue damage, they have superseded the highly poisonous toxins as immunizing agents against such diseases as diphtheria and tetanus. toxoidBacterial toxin that has been made inactive but can still combine with or stimulate formation of antibodies. In many bacterial diseases, the bacteria produce a toxin that causes the disease manifestations. Heating the toxin or treating it chemically converts it into a harmless toxoid that can be injected into a human or a nonhuman animal to confer immunity from subsequent infection. The vaccines for tetanus and diphtheria are toxoids. |
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Diphtheria due to toxigenic C diphtheriae has become rare in the United States due to vaccination with diphtheria toxoid, yet vaccination does not eliminate carriage of either toxigenic or nontoxigenic C diphtheriae and outbreaks have been occasionally reported, with disease usually cutaneous. used as an active immunizing agent against diphtheria, usually in mixtures with tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine (DTP or DTaP) or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains less diphtheria toxoid, for adult use). used as an active immunizing agent against diphtheria, usually in mixtures with tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine (DTP or DTaP) or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains less diphtheria toxoid, for adult use). |
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diphtheria toxoid
