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gallic acid

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gallic acid or 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (trī'hīdrŏk`sēbĕnzō`ĭk), C6H2(OH)3CO2H, colorless crystalline organic acid found in gallnuts, sumach, tea leaves, oak bark, and many other plants, both in its free state and as part of the tannin molecule (see tannin tannin, tannic acid, or gallotannic acid, astringent vegetable product found in a wide variety of plants. Sources include the bark of oak, hemlock, chestnut, and mangrove; the leaves of certain sumacs; and plant galls.
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). Since gallic acid has hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule, two molecules of it can react with one another to form an ester, digallic acid. Gallic acid is obtained by the hydrolysis of tannic acid with sulfuric acid. When heated above 220°C;, gallic acid loses carbon dioxide to form pyrogallol, or 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, C6H3(OH)3, which is used in the production of azo dyes and photographic developers and in laboratories for absorbing oxygen.
gallic acid [′gal·ik ′as·əd]
(organic chemistry)
C7H6O5A crystalline compound that forms needles from solutions of absolute methanol or chloroform, dissolves in water, alcohol, ether, and glycerol; obtained from nutgall tannins or fromPenicillium notatumfermentation; used to make antioxidants and ink dyes and in photography.


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The extract's antioxidant potency roughly matches that of gallic acid, another potent antioxidant, and, based upon studies conducted by other scientists, it appears to outperform slightly the flavonoid blend in red wine.
 
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