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goliard |
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goliardAny of the wandering students and clerics in medieval England, France, and Germany remembered for their satirical verses and poems in praise of debauchery and against the church and pope. Renegades of no fixed abode, chiefly interested in riotous living, they described themselves as followers of the legendary Bishop Golias. By a series of decrees (from 1227), the church eventually revoked their clerical privileges. Carmina Burana is a collection of 13th-century Latin goliard poems and songs; some were translated by John Addington Symonds as Wine, Women, and Song (1884), and some were set in a famous cantata by Carl Orff (1937). In the 14th century the term came to mean jongleur, or minstrel. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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No references found | The latter occurred frequently in the works of the so-called Goliard poets of the twelfth century in their mantle-begging verses, and parodies of the Charity-action can be found in Reynard the Fox, in Villon, and elsewhere. Hunting and military signals, fanfares at tournaments and feasts were certainly part of court life, where people could also listen to the music of the itinerant musicians known as joculatores, histriones, spielmans, jongleurs, goliards and so on. Furthermore, any analysis of the roundel's seventeen decimas and final quatrain rapidly reveals that there is not a single reference to any identifiable aspect of India and that the composition abounds in topoi of the most general and banal kind with which social types had been lampooned and lambasted from at least the time of the Goliards onwards. |
goliard |
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