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gram stain

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gram stain

Staining technique for the initial identification of bacteria, devised in 1884 by the Danish physician Hans Christian Gram (1853–1938). The stain reveals basic differences in the biochemical and structural properties of a living cell. A slide containing a smear of bacteria is treated with a purple dye; the slide is then dipped in an iodine solution, followed by an organic solvent (such as alcohol) that can dissolve the dye. Gram-positive bacteria remain purple because they have a thick cell wall that the solvent cannot easily penetrate; gram-negative bacteria lose their colour because they have thin cell walls that allow the solvent to penetrate and remove the dye.



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The Gram stain is still the most important first result from the microbiology laboratory.
Characteristics that are important to note on the sputum Gram stain are very few squamous epithelial cells (less than 25 per low per field, or one to two per high oil field).
However, a review of records from January through August 2007 revealed two occasions on which gram stain had documented preparation and expiration dates prior to the their use, and two occasions on which no records indicated that quality control was conducted for gram stain as required.
 
 
 
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