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gynecology |
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gynecology (gīn'əkŏl`əjē), branch of medicine specializing in the disorders of the female reproductive system. Modern gynecology deals with menstrual disorders, menopause, infectious disease and maldevelopment of the reproductive organs, disturbances of the sex hormones, benign and malignant tumor formation, and the prescription of contraceptive devices. A branch of gynecology, reproductive medicine, deals with infertility and utilizes artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilizations, where a human egg is harvested, fertilized in a test tube, then implanted into the womb. Some gynecologists also practice obstetrics obstetrics (ŏbstĕ`trĭks) ..... Click the link for more information. . Surgical gynecology began to make progress in the 19th cent., when the introduction of anesthesia anesthesia (ănĭsthē`zhə) [Gr. ..... Click the link for more information. and antisepsis (see antiseptic antiseptic, agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the external surfaces of the body. Antiseptics should generally be distinguished from drugs such as antibiotics that destroy microorganisms internally, and from disinfectants, which destroy ..... Click the link for more information. ) paved the way for many advances. The American physician J. M. Sims Sims, James Marion, 1813–83, American gynecologist, b. Lancaster co., S.C., M.D. Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1835. He practiced in Mt. Meigs, Ala. ..... Click the link for more information. was largely responsible for gaining acceptance of gynecology as a medical and surgical specialty. Until then there had been opposition to it on moral grounds from midwives, the clergy and the medical profession. In recent years, because of controversies over abortion abortion, expulsion of the products of conception before the embryo or fetus is viable. Any interruption of human pregnancy prior to the 28th week is known as abortion. ..... Click the link for more information. and birth control birth control, practice of contraception for the purpose of limiting reproduction. Methods of Birth ControlMale birth control methods include withdrawal of the male before ejaculation (the oldest contraceptive technique) and use of the condom, a ..... Click the link for more information. , government has become involved in gynecological practice. BibliographySee Z. Rosenwaks et al., Gynecology: Principles and Practice (1987). |
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In a 2004 survey of directors of obstetrics and gynecology residency programs, 51% of respondents said that their programs routinely provide abortion training (although residents may opt out if they have religious or moral objections), 39% that optional abortion training is available and 10% that their programs do not provide abortion training. Han has become affiliated with numerous medical societies, including the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the American Medical Association. European Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynecology' is a quarterly journal targeted to the generalist in obstetrics and gynecology rather than sub-specialists and is designed to help improve the health of women and their babies by promoting higher standards of care in all European countries. |
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gynecology
