sulfate, chemical compound containing the sulfate (SO₄) radical radical, in chemistry, group of atoms that are joined together in some particular spatial structure and that take part in most chemical reactions as a single unit.
..... Click the link for more information. . Sulfates are salts or esters of sulfuric acid sulfuric acid, chemical compound, H₂SO₄, colorless, odorless, extremely corrosive, oily liquid. It is sometimes called oil of vitriol. Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

..... Click the link for more information. , H₂SO₄, formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal (e.g., sodium) or a radical (e.g., ammonium or ethyl). Sulfates in which both hydrogens are replaced are called normal sulfates; sulfates in which only one hydrogen is replaced are called hydrogen sulfates, acid sulfates, or bisulfates. Most metal sulfates are readily soluble in water, but calcium and mercuric sulfates are only slightly soluble, while barium, lead, strontium, and mercurous sulfates are insoluble. In chemical analysis, the sulfate ion ion, atom or group of atoms having a net electric charge. Positive and Negative Electric Charges

A neutral atom or group of atoms becomes an ion by gaining or losing one or more electrons or protons.
..... Click the link for more information. , SO₄⁻², is usually detected by adding barium chloride solution; the white barium sulfate precipitate that forms is insoluble in hydrochloric acid. Sulfates are widely distributed in nature. Barium sulfate occurs as barite barite , barytes [New Lat., from barium], or heavy spar, a white, yellow, blue, red, or colorless mineral. It is a sulfate of barium, BaSO₄
..... Click the link for more information. ; calcium sulfate is found as gypsum gypsum , mineral composed of calcium sulfate (calcium, sulfur, and oxygen) with two molecules of water, CaSO₄·2H₂O. It is the most common sulfate mineral, occurring in many places in a variety of forms.
..... Click the link for more information. , alabaster alabaster, fine-grained, massive, translucent variety of gypsum, a hydrous calcium sulfate. It is pure white or streaked with reddish brown. Alabaster, like all other forms of gypsum, forms by the evaporation of bedded deposits that are precipitated mainly from
..... Click the link for more information. , and selenite; Epsom salts Epsom salts, common name for magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, MgSO₄·7H₂O, a water-soluble bitter-tasting compound that occurs as white or colorless needle-shaped crystals.
..... Click the link for more information. is magnesium sulfate; sodium sulfate sodium sulfate, chemical compound, Na₂SO₄. It is a white, orthorhombic crystalline compound at ordinary temperatures; above 100°C; it assumes a monoclinic structure, and above about 250°C; it assumes a hexagonal structure.
..... Click the link for more information. occurs as its decahydrate, Glauber's salt Glauber's salt, common name for sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na₂SO₄·10H₂O; it occurs as white or colorless monoclinic crystals. Upon exposure to fairly dry air it effloresces, forming powdery anhydrous sodium sulfate.
..... Click the link for more information. ; and strontium sulfate occurs as celestite celestite or celestine , mineral appearing in blue-tinged or white orthorhombic crystals or in fibrous masses. The natural sulfate of strontium, SrSO₄, it is important as a source of strontium and of certain of its compounds, e.g.
..... Click the link for more information. . Some sulfates were formerly known as vitriols; blue vitriol is cupric sulfate cupric sulfate or copper (II) sulfate, chemical compound, CuSO₄, taking the form of white rhombohedral crystals or amorphous powder. It decomposes at 650°C; to cupric oxide (CuO).
..... Click the link for more information. , green vitriol is ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate or iron (II) sulfate, chemical compound, FeSO₄. It is known as the monohydrate, FeSO₄·H₂O; the tetrahydrate, FeSO₄·4H₂O; the pentahydrate, FeSO₄
..... Click the link for more information. , and white vitriol is zinc sulfate zinc sulfate, chemical compound ZnSO₄, a very water soluble, transparent, colorless, crystalline compound. It is commonly used as the heptahydrate, ZnSO₄·7H₂
..... Click the link for more information. . Alums alum , any one of a series of isomorphous double salts that are hydrated sulfates of a univalent cation (e.g., potassium, sodium, ammonium, cesium, or thallium) and a trivalent cation (e.g., aluminum, chromium, iron, manganese, cobalt, or titanium).
..... Click the link for more information. are double sulfates, containing two different metals and two sulfate radicals. Organic sulfates are esters. They can be formed by reacting an alcohol with cold sulfuric acid. They are also formed by the reaction of sulfuric acid with a double bond in an alkene; the product is called an alkyl hydrogen sulfate. An alkyl hydrogen sulfate can be broken down to an alcohol and sulfuric acid by heating it with water (hydrolysis hydrolysis , chemical reaction of a compound with water, usually resulting in the formation of one or more new compounds. The most common hydrolysis occurs when a salt of a weak acid or weak base (or both) is dissolved in water.
..... Click the link for more information. ); this reaction is often used to synthesize alcohols. Sulfates play a significant role both in the chemical industry and in biological systems. Sulfuric acid is used in lead storage batteries and in the manufacture of nitric acid; copper sulfate is a common algicide. Organisms found near deep-sea thermal vents use sulfates for energy in place of sunlight.

sulfate

Any of numerous inorganic and organic chemical compounds related to sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). One subgroup comprises salts containing the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻) linked via ionic bonds with any of various cations. Another subgroup of sulfates, the esters, are organic compounds in which sulfuric acid's hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, phenyl); a carbon atom in the organic group bonds to an oxygen atom, whose second bond is to the sulfur atom. (In sulfonates, a carbon atom bonds directly to the sulfur atom.) See also bonding.

sulfate [′səl‚fāt]

(chemistry)

A compound containing the ‒SO₄group, as in sodium sulfate, Na₂SO₄.

A salt of sulfuric acid.

Sulfate

any one of various salts of sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄. There are two series of sulfates: the normal sulfates, M₂SO₄, and the acid sulfates, MHSO₄, where M is a monovalent metal.

Sulfates are crystalline compounds, which are colorless if the cation is colorless, and in most cases are readily soluble in water. Sparingly soluble sulfates are encountered as the minerals gypsum, CaSO₄·2H₂O; celestite, SrSO₄; and anglesite, PbSO₄. The mineral barite, BaSO₄, and RaSO₄ are virtually insoluble in water. Acid sulfates have been isolated in the solid state only for the most reactive metals, such as sodium and potassium. These salts are readily soluble in water, and they fuse easily. Normal sulfates may be obtained by dissolving metals in sulfuric acid and by the action of sulfuric acid on oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates of metals. Acid sulfates are obtained by heating normal sulfates with concentrated H₂SO₄:

K₂SO₄ + H₂SO₄ = 2KHSO₄

The crystal hydrates of the sulfate salts of some heavy metals are called vitriols.

Sulfate minerals are widely used in many branches of industry.

I. K. MALINA

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Sulfate (redirected from high sulfate diets)

sulfate

Sulfate
(redirected from high sulfate diets)