hydraulic jump

Sudden change in water level, analogous to a shock wave, commonly seen below weirs and sluice gates where a smooth stream of water suddenly rises at a foaming front. The fact that the speed of water waves varies with wavelength and with amplitude leads to a wide variety of effects. Tidal bores, which may be observed on some estuaries, are large-scale examples. See also Bernoulli's principle.

In shallow water theory, when a more dense fluid is flowing in a channel under a less dense fluid but over an object, if the flow speed and object height are just right, a hydraulic jump at the two-fluid interface will occur.

Diagnosing and forecasting aircraft turbulence with steepening ... by McCann, Donald W. / National Weather Digest

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