hydroxide (hīdrŏk`sīd), chemical compound that contains the hydroxyl (−OH) radical radical, in chemistry, group of atoms that are joined together in some particular spatial structure and that take part in most chemical reactions as a single unit.
..... Click the link for more information. . The term refers especially to inorganic compounds. Organic compounds that have the hydroxyl radical as a functional group functional group, in organic chemistry, group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for certain properties of the molecule and reactions in which it takes part.
..... Click the link for more information. are called alcohols alcohol, any of a class of organic compounds with the general formula R-OH, where R represents an alkyl group made up of carbon and hydrogen in various proportions and -OH represents one or more hydroxyl groups .
..... Click the link for more information. ; the hydroxyl radical is also present in the carboxyl group of organic acids. Most metal hydroxides are bases—they form solutions that have an excess of OH⁻ ions and a pH greater than 7, neutralize acids, and change the color of litmus from red to blue. Alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide, chemical compound, NaOH, a white crystalline substance that readily absorbs carbon dioxide and moisture from the air. It is very soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin. It is a caustic and a strong base (see acids and bases ).
..... Click the link for more information. are strong bases and are very soluble in water; alkaline–earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂, colorless crystal or white powder. It is prepared by reacting calcium oxide (lime) with water, a process called slaking, and is also known as hydrated lime or slaked lime.
..... Click the link for more information. (slaked lime) are much less soluble in water and are not as strongly basic. Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia milk of magnesia, common name for the chemical compound magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂. The viscous, white, mildly alkaline mixture that is used medicinally as an antacid and laxative is a suspension of approximately 8% magnesium hydroxide in water.
..... Click the link for more information. ) is only slightly basic. Some hydroxides (e.g., aluminum hydroxide) exhibit amphoterism amphoterism (ăm'fətĕr`ĭzm)
..... Click the link for more information. , having either acidic or basic properties depending on the reaction in which they are involved. The hydroxides of some nonmetallic elements are acidic; the hydroxide of sulfur, S(OH)₆, spontaneously loses two molecules of water to form sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄. Ammonium hydroxide, NH₄OH, is a weak base known only in the solution that is formed when the gas ammonia ammonia, chemical compound, NH₃, colorless gas that is about one half as dense as air at ordinary temperatures and pressures. It has a characteristic pungent, penetrating odor.
..... Click the link for more information. , NH₃, dissolves in water.

hydroxide

Any compound with one or more functional groups made up of one atom each of hydrogen and oxygen, bonded together and acting as the hydroxide anion (OH⁻). Hydroxides include the familiar alkalies of laboratory and industrial processes. Those of the alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium), the strongest bases, are the most stable and soluble; those of the alkaline earth metals (calcium, barium, and strontium), also soluble strong bases, are less stable. The hydroxides of most other metals are only slightly soluble but neutralize acids; some are “amphoteric,” reacting with both acids and bases. In compounds in which OH is un-ionized and covalently bonded (e.g., in methanol, CH₃OH), it is known as a hydroxyl group.

hydroxide (redirected from hydroxyl ion)

hydroxide

hydroxide
(redirected from hydroxyl ion)