Hypoparathyroidism

hypoparathyroidism [‚hī·pō‚par·ə′thī‚rȯi‚diz·əm]

(medicine)

Condition caused by insufficient functioning of the parathyroid gland.

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Hypoparathyroidism 

a condition caused by insufficient secretory activity of the parathyroid glands.

Hypoparathyroidism may arise after the removal of the parathyroid glands or after their injury during thyroid surgery. Hypoparathyroidism is accompanied by disorders in calcium metabolism, a disturbance in the assimilability of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract, lowered calcium content in the blood, and deformation of the teeth. The disturbance in calcium metabolism increases the excitability of the nervous system, and an inclination to spasms (tetany) appears. Spasms arise spontaneously or under the influence of provocative factors (for example, muscle strain, overheating, and contusions) in symmetrical groups of muscles (most often of the upper extremities, more rarely of the lower extremities, and even more rarely in the facial and other muscles). Hypoparathyroidism occurs in both latent and manifest forms. The latent form may not be outwardly evident and is manifested only in a fall in temperature of the extremities, paresthesia throughout the body, and spasms. Pregnancy, menstruation, mechanical and thermal irritation, poisoning, and infections can stimulate the transition from latent to manifest hypoparathyroidism. Treatment involves hormonal and vitamin therapy.

L. M. GOL’BER