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Chauvinism |
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chauvinism (shō`vənĭzəm), word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism. As a social phenomenon, chauvinism is essentially modern, becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries and imperialism beginning in the 19th cent. It has been encouraged by mass communication, originally by the cheap newspaper. Chauvinism exalts consciousness of nationality, spreads hatred of minorities and other nations, and is associated with militarism, imperialism, and racism. In the 1960s, the term "male chauvinist" appeared in the women's liberation movement; it is applied to males who refuse to regard females as equals. Chauvinism See also Bigotry, Patriotism. Chauvin, Nicolas soldier who passionately admired Napoleon; whence, ultranationalism. [Fr. Hist.: NCE, 518] treats wife Nora as an inferior being. [Nor. Lit.: A Doll’s House] legendary second-century empress of Japan, victorious invader of Korea and hence the conjectural eponym of jingoism. [Jap. Hist.: EB (1963) XIII, 69] nickname of 19th-century English pro-war party. [Br. Hist.: EB (1963) XIII, 69] denigrating designation for a man who treats women as inferiors. [Am. Pop. Culture: Misc.] How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Encouraged by Moholy-Nagy she joined the metal workshop, being the only woman there, and soon rose to prominence despite the male chauvinism of her colleagues, becoming acting director. Moreover (and this is not male chauvinism asserting itself) the male physique, just as in sports, enables men to be quantitatively superior in sheer physical strength. In time, that is, the aloofness of a state committed to the principle of "groups" and "own affairs" would produce a climate of inwardness conducive to Africanist reform of anachronistic custom and tradition, enabling Galilee's move to address deep-rooted male chauvinism, for example, by inculcating an ethos of sacrosanct virginity amongst Nazarite youth, female and male, as prelude to a church-endogamous marriage rule. |
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