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nephron |
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nephron: see urinary system urinary system, group of organs of the body concerned with excretion of urine, that is, water and the waste products of metabolism. In humans, the kidneys are two small organs situated near the vertebral column at the small of the back, the left lying somewhat higher ..... Click the link for more information. . nephronFunctional unit of the kidney that removes waste and excess substances from the blood to produce urine. Each of the million or so nephrons in each kidney is a tubule 1.2–2.2 in. (30–55 mm) long. At one end it is closed, expanded, and folded into a double-walled cuplike structure (Bowman's capsule) enclosing a cluster of capillaries (glomerulus). Fluid forced out of the blood through the capillary walls of the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule flows into the adjacent renal tubule, where water and nutrients are selectively reabsorbed from the fluid back into the blood, and electrolytes such as sodium and potassium are balanced in several distinct sections along its length. The final concentrated product is urine. See also urinary system. |
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Proteins are large, and are unlikely to be able to pass through the glomerular capillaries of the nephron in the kidney. When tests show that their nephron numbers are marginal, Brenner advocates transplanting kidneys from brain-dead donors in pairs, and hence delivering more nephrons. The LX Series also features the Nephron Filtration System, designed to eliminate contaminants down to the size of one micron from the hydraulic system. |
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nephron
