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nitrogen mustard

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nitrogen mustard, any of various poisonous compounds originally developed for military use (see poison gas poison gas, any of various gases sometimes used in warfare or riot control because of their poisonous or corrosive nature. These gases may be roughly grouped according to the portal of entry into the body and their physiological effects.
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). Like mustard gas and lewisite, it is a vesicant (blistering agent). In the form of its crystalline hydrochloride it is used as a drug in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease Hodgkin's disease, a type of cancer of the lymphatic system. First identified in 1832 in England by Thomas Hodgkin, it is a type of malignant lymphoma. Incidence peaks in young adults and the elderly.
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, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's, any cancer of the lymphoid tissue (see lymphatic system) in which the Reed-Sternberg cells characteristic of Hodgkin's disease (the other category of lymphoma) are not present.
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, and brain tumors. Nitrogen mustards cause mutations in the genetic material of cells, thereby disrupting mitosis, or cell division. Cells vary in their susceptibility to nitrogen mustards, with rapidly proliferating tumor and cancer cells most sensitive; bone marrow, which produces red blood cells, is also sensitive, and depression of red blood cell production is a frequent side effect of nitrogen mustard therapy. The nitrogen mustards also suppress the immune response (see immunity immunity, ability of an organism to resist disease by identifying and destroying foreign substances or organisms. Although all animals have some immune capabilities, little is known about nonmammalian immunity.
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).
nitrogen mustard [′nī·trə·jən ′məs·tərd]
(organic chemistry)
Any of the substituted mustard gases in which the sulfur is replaced by an amino nitrogen, such as for methyl bis(2-chlorethyl)amine, (CH2ClCH2)2NCH3; useful in cancer research.


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Nitrogen mustard has also demonstrated activity in other T-cell proliferating diseases such as psoriasis and alopecia areata and has a rich history of use in dermatology dating back to the 1950s.
Chinese anti-tumor drugs can be divided into nine categories: Alkylation Agents, such as nitrogen mustards, ethylene-imines, methanesulfonates, polyatomic alcohols and SarCNU; Anti-metabolite drugs, such as pyrimidine antimetabolites, purine antimetabolites and antifolates; Antibiotics; Plant anti-tumor drugs; Hormone anti-tumor drugs; Platinum metallic anti-tumor drugs; Others; Aided anti-tumor Drugs and immunomodulators.
Chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer began in the 1940s with the use of nitrogen mustard.
 
 
 
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