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Paralinguistics |
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Paralinguistics
a branch of linguistics studying sound features that accompany speech but do not pertain to language. Paralinguistics studies, for example, loudness of speech, uncodified variations in intonation, the distribution of pauses, and sounds used to fill pauses, such as mmm … in Russian or “hmm …” in English. The concept of paralinguistics was introduced in the late 1940’s by the American linguist A. Hill, but Soviet scholars had been investigating paralinguistic phenomena as early as the 1930’s (N. V. Iushmanov’s Extranormal Phonetics). In a broader interpretation, paralinguistics includes kinesics, the study of the facial expressions and gestures in relation to communication. Modern Soviet linguistics devotes a good deal of attention to paralinguistics partly because of the general theoretical interest in the structure and flow of communication. In addition, paralinguistics is studied for the practical reasons of determining how various speech techniques influence listeners and of identifying emotional states through speech. REFERENCESNikolaeva, T. M., and Uspenskii, B. A. “Iazykoznanie i paralingvistika.” In the collection Lingvisticheskie issledovaniia po obshchei i slavianskoi tipologii. Moscow, 1966.Kolshanskii, G. V. Paralingvistika. Moscow, 1974. A. A. LEONT’EV Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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No references found | A Mode analysis of the above transcript would comment on, among other things, how the children make use of a non-verbal (gesture) and a paralinguistic feature (chicken noise) in their communication with the teacher, as they are still learning English vocabulary and structures. The patent, for "generating paralinguistic phenomena via markup in text-to-speech syntheses," is the next step in making computer voices more expressive and less perfect--more like human speech, in other words. Kate Rankin, a neuropsychologist and assistant professor in the Memory and Aging Center at the University of California, San Francisco, used a recently developed test, the Awareness of Social Inference Test (Tasit) to test people based entirely on paralinguistic cues. |
paralinguistic |
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