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phylloxera |
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phylloxera (fĭlŏk`sĭrə), small, sap-eating, greenish insect insect, invertebrate animal of the class Insecta of the phylum Arthropoda . Like other arthropods, an insect has a hard outer covering, or exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed legs. Adult insects typically have wings and are the only flying invertebrates. ..... Click the link for more information. of the genus Phylloxera, closely related to the aphid aphid or plant louse, tiny, usually green, soft-bodied, pear-shaped insect injurious to vegetation. It is also called greenfly and blight. Aphids are mostly under 1-4 in. (6 mm) long. ..... Click the link for more information. . Phylloxeras feed on leaves and roots, and many species produce galls on deciduous trees. Their life cycle is complex; one species is known to pass through 21 different stages. Most notorious of the group is the grape phylloxera, Phylloxera vitifoliae, native to E North America. The species has winged and wingless generations, the former causing galls on grape leaves and the latter feeding on the roots, causing nodules and eventually killing the vine. The grape phylloxera came close to destroying the wine industry of France after its accidental introduction in about 1860; grafting of susceptible European vines onto resistant North American root stock saved the European vineyards. Phylloxeras are classified in the phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda (ärthrŏp`ədə) [Gr.,=jointed feet], largest and most diverse animal phylum. ..... Click the link for more information. , class Insecta, order Homoptera, family Phylloxeridae. phylloxeraAny of numerous, chiefly North American, insect species (genus Phylloxera, order Homoptera), many of which are serious pests of plants. Phylloxera form galls on and can defoliate trees, especially hickory and pecan. See also grape phylloxera. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Some twenty years later, the industry took a further beating when a devastating phylloxera infestation began to sweep through the Constantia Valley. Native North American grape species that host pests detrimental to European vines, like the insect phylloxera [Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch)], were not present in this region, and own-rooted European vines were successfully cultivated. British journalist Campbell reveals the intriguing story behind the identification and eventual eradication of phylloxera and how French botanist Jules Planchon of Montpellier and U. |
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