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pion
(redirected from pionic)

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pion (pī`ŏn) or pi meson, lightest of the meson meson [Gr.,=middle (i.e., middleweight)], class of elementary particles whose masses are generally between those of the lepton class of lighter particles and those of the baryon class of heavier particles.
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 family of elementary particles elementary particles, the most basic physical constituents of the universe. Basic Constituents of Matter


Molecules are built up from the atom, which is the basic unit of any chemical element.
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. The existence of the pion was predicted in 1935 by Hideki Yukawa, who theorized that it was responsible for the force force, commonly, a "push" or "pull," more properly defined in physics as a quantity that changes the motion, size, or shape of a body. Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction.
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 of the strong interactions strong interactions, actions between elementary particles mediated, or carried, by gluons. They are responsible for the binding of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and interactions between quarks.
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 holding the atomic nucleus nucleus, in physics, the extremely dense central core of an atom. The Nature of the Nucleus
Composition


Atomic nuclei are composed of two types of particles, protons and neutrons, which are collectively known as nucleons.
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 together. It was first detected in cosmic rays cosmic rays, charged particles moving at nearly the speed of light reaching the earth from outer space. Primary cosmic rays consist mostly of protons (nuclei of hydrogen atoms), some alpha particles (helium nuclei), and lesser amounts of nuclei of carbon, nitrogen,
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 by C. F. Powell in 1947. The pion is actually a multiplet of three particles. The neutral pion, π0, has a mass about 264 times that of the electron. The charged pions, π+ and π, each have a mass about 273 times that of the electron. The neutral pion is its own antiparticle antiparticle, elementary particle corresponding to an ordinary particle such as the proton, neutron, or electron, but having the opposite electrical charge and magnetic moment.
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, while the negative pion is the antiparticle of the positive pion. It is now known that each pion (and, more generally, each meson) consists of a quark bound to an antiquark. Free pions are unstable. The charged pions decay with an average lifetime of 2.55 × 10−8 sec into a muon muon , elementary particle heavier than an electron but lighter than other particles having nonzero rest mass. The name muon is derived from mu meson, the former name of the particle. The muon was first observed in cosmic rays by Carl D.
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 of like charge and a neutrino neutrino [Ital.,=little neutral (particle)], elementary particle with no electric charge and a very small mass emitted during the decay of certain other particles.
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 or antineutrino; the neutral pion decays in about 10−15 sec, usually into a pair of photons but occasionally into a positron-electron pair and a photon.
pion, pi meson
Physics a meson having a positive or negative charge and a rest mass 273.13 times that of the electron, or no charge and a rest mass 264.14 times that of the electron

pion [′pī‚än]
(particle physics)


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