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premutation

   Also found in: Medical 0.01 sec.
premutation [‚prē·myü′tā·shən]
(genetics)
A heritable change, such as a trinucleotide repeat expansion, that has no phenotypic effect but greatly increases the likelihood of a further change at the altered site, resulting in a characteristic phenotype.


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In FXTAS, unlike fragile X syndrome, FMR1 gene produces a toxic messenger RNA because of the abnormally high numbers of the repeating DNA sequences (55-200 CGG units) called premutation.
However, when premutations are inherited by their daughters, instability in the series of CGGs can result in the occurrence of a full mutation during egg production.
This repeat expands into a premutation leading to FXTAS in older patients; further expansion into the full-mutation leads to fragile X syndrome in children.
 
 
 
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