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punishment

   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Idioms, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.01 sec.
punishment: see capital punishment capital punishment, imposition of a penalty of death by the state.

History



Capital punishment was widely applied in ancient times; it can be found (c.1750 B.C.) in the Code of Hammurabi.
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; corporal punishment corporal punishment, physical chastisement of an offender. At one extreme it includes the death penalty (see capital punishment ), but the term usually refers to punishments like flogging, mutilation, and branding. Until c.
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; criminal law criminal law, the branch of law that defines crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for their punishment. A tort is a civil wrong committed against an individual; a crime, on the other hand, is regarded as an offense committed against the public, even though
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; prison prison, place of confinement for the punishment and rehabilitation of criminals. By the end of the 18th cent. imprisonment was the chief mode of punishment for all but capital crimes.
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.
punishment
1. a penalty or sanction given for any crime or offence
2. the act of punishing or state of being punished
3. Psychol any aversive stimulus administered to an organism as part of training

Punishment
Abijah Jeroboam’s
child; taken by God for father’s wickedness. [O.T.: I Kings 14:12]
Adam
condemned to survive by sweat of brow. [O.T.: Genesis 3:19]
Amfortas
sinful life led to perpetual suffering. [Arth. Legend: Walsh Classical, 20; Ger. Opera: Parsifal]
Ammit
half-hippopotamus, half-lion monster of underworld; ate the sinful. [Egyptian Myth.: Leach, 50]
Ashura
land of punishment for those who die angry. [Jap. Myth.: Jobes, 140]
Atlas Titan
condemned to bear world on shoulders. [Gk. Myth.: Walsh Classical, 38]
Battus Arcadian
shepherd who revealed Mercury’s theft of sheep; he was punished by being turned to stone. [Gk. and Rom. Myth.: Walsh Classical, 71]
Born, Bertrand
de Dante has him carry his head as lantern. [Ital. Lit.: Inferno; Walsh Classical, 55]
Cambyses
had a venal judge put to death and the body skinned as covering for his judgment seat. [Gk. Hist.: Herodotus in Magill III, 479]
Dirae
the Furies; punished crimes and avenged wrongs. [Gk. Myth.: Kravitz, 82, 91–92]
Don Juan
for murder, devoured by fire. [Span. Lit.: Benét, 279; Ger. Opera: Mozart, Don Giovanni, Westerman, 95]
Erinyes (Furies)
three sisters who pursue those guilty of blood crimes and drive them mad. [Gk. Myth.: Benét, 320]
Eve
for disobeying God, would suffer in childbirth. [O.T.: Genesis 3:16]
flood
for his evilness, man perishes by inundation. [O.T.: Genesis 6: 5–8; 7:4]
Herod Agrippa I
was eaten by worms for playing god. [N.T.: Acts 12:23]
Herodias
lived for nineteen centuries as punishment for her crime against John the Baptist. [Fr. Lit.: Eugène Sue The Wandering Jew]
iron maiden
hollow iron figure in the shape of a woman, lined with spikes that impaled the enclosed victim. [Ger. Hist.: Brewer Dictionary, 491]
Ixion Thessalian
king bound to fiery wheel by Zeus. [Gk. and Rom. Myth.: Zimmerman, 142; Rom. Lit.: Metamorphoses]
Laocoön Trojan
priest offends Athena, is strangled to death by two sea serpents. [Gk. Myth.: Benét, 565]
Nadab and Abihu
destroyed by God for offering Him “alien fire.” [O.T.: Leviticus 10:1–3]
Papageno
for lying, has mouth padlocked. [Ger. Opera: Mozart, The Magic Flute, Westerman, 102–104]
Peeping Tom
struck blind for peeping at Lady Godiva. [Br. Legend: Brewer Dictionary, 403]
plagues on Egypt
God visits Egypt with plagues and epidemics to show his power. [O.T.: Exodus 8, 12]
Prometheus
for rebelliousness, chained to rock; vulture fed on his liver which grew back daily. [Rom. Myth.: Zimmerman, 221–222]
Prynne, Hester
pilloried and sentenced to wear a scarlet “A” for her sin of adultery. [Am. Lit.: The Scarlet Letter]
Sisyphus
condemned in Hades to roll boulder uphill which would immediately roll down again. [Gk. Myth.: Zimmerman, 244; Gk. Lit.: Odyssey; Rom. Lit.: Aeneid]
Tantalus
for his crimes, sentenced to Hades to be within reach of water he cannot drink. [Gk. Myth.: Zimmerman, 253; Gk. Lit.: Odyssey]
Tell, William
ordered to shoot apple placed on son’s head for refusing to salute governor’s hat. [Ger. Lit.: William Tell; Ital. Opera: Rossini, William Tell; Westerman, 121–122]
Thyestes
unknowingly eats sons served by vengeful brother. [Rom. Lit.: Thyestes]
Tyburn
tree site of the London gibbet. [Br. Hist.: Espy, 169]
Vale of Achor
site of lapidation of Achan, Israelite troublemaker. [O.T.: Joshua 7:24–26]
Vathek
condemned to eternal flames for seeking forbidden knowledge. [Br. Lit.: Beckford Vathek]


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? Mentioned in ? References in classic literature
 
Nor shall I recount further incidents of the life that is now to end--a life of wandering, always and everywhere haunted by an overmastering sense of crime in punishment of wrong and of terror in punishment of crime.
And if the punishment be not also a right and an honour to the transgressor, I do not like your punishing.
"Your Honour," said the Malefactor, interrupting, "would you be kind enough to alter my punishment to ten years in the penitentiary and nothing else?
 
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