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regicides

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regicides (rĕj`ĭsīdz) [Lat., =king-killers], in English history, name given to those judges and court officers responsible for the trial and execution of Charles I in 1649. After the Restoration (1660) of the monarchy they were excepted from the general pardon granted by the Act of Indemnity. At that time 41 of the 59 signers of the king's death warrant were still alive. Fifteen of them fled: William Goffe Goffe, William , d. c.1679, English soldier and regicide. A personal adherent of Oliver Cromwell, he fought in the English civil war, signed the death warrant of Charles I, and became an administrative major general during the Protectorate.
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, John Dixwell, and Edward Whalley Whalley, Edward , d. 1675?, English regicide. During the English civil war he served under his cousin Oliver Cromwell in the parliamentary army. He was given custody of Charles I for a time in 1647, served on the high court of justice that tried him, and signed the
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 went to New England; several went to Germany and Holland; and Edmund Ludlow Ludlow, Edmund, 1617?–1692, English parliamentarian and regicide. He commanded a regiment of cavalry in the English civil war and served on the court that condemned King Charles I, signing his death warrant.
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 and four others went to Switzerland. Some were able to convince Charles II that they had had little to do with his father's trial and that they were loyal to the monarchy, and they were reprieved. Nine of those who signed the warrant and four others closely connected with the trial were hanged. Six others, who were deemed less politically dangerous, were imprisoned for life; some were later reprieved.

Bibliography

See C. V. Wedgwood, A Coffin for King Charles (1964); N. H. Mayfield, Puritans and Regicide (1988).



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The Massachusetts Puritans did establish their own church, but they were religious and in many cases were actual blood descendants of the English regicides, and memories were strong.
In 1642-1643 William Prynne had tirelessly urged the state oaths and lawful covenants that protected the ancient constitution against arbitrary, popish, and tyrannical government; by 1650 he saw the regicides as covert political allies of the Jesuits.
By behaving, as Charles had, like martyrs, the regicides controverted their royalist executioners.
 
 
 
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