Statics definition of Statics in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

statics, branch of mechanics mechanics, branch of physics concerned with motion and the forces that tend to cause it; it includes study of the mechanical properties of matter , such as density , elasticity , and viscosity .
..... Click the link for more information. concerned with the maintenance of equilibrium in bodies by the interaction of forces upon them (see force force, commonly, a "push" or "pull," more properly defined in physics as a quantity that changes the motion, size, or shape of a body. Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction.
..... Click the link for more information. ). It incorporates the study of the center of gravity (see center of mass center of mass, the point at which all the mass of a body may be considered to be concentrated in analyzing its motion. The center of mass of a sphere of uniform density coincides with the center of the sphere.
..... Click the link for more information. ) and the moment moment, in physics and engineering, term designating the product of a quantity and a distance (or some power of the distance) to some point associated with that quantity.
..... Click the link for more information. of inertia. In a state of equilibrium all the forces acting on a body are exactly counterbalanced by equal and opposite forces, thus keeping the body at rest. The principles of statics are widely applied in the design and construction of buildings and machinery.

Statics

The branch of mechanics that describes bodies which are acted upon by balanced forces and torques so that they remain at rest or in uniform motion. This includes point particles, rigid bodies, fluids, and deformable solids in general. Static point particles, however, are not very interesting, and special branches of mechanics are devoted to fluids and deformable solids. For example, hydrostatics is the study of static fluids, and elasticity and plasticity are two branches devoted to deformable bodies. Therefore this article will be limited to the discussion of the statics of rigid bodies in two- and three-space dimensions. See Buoyancy, Hydrostatics, Mechanics

In statics the bodies being studied are in equilibrium. The equilibrium conditions are very similar in the planar, or two-dimensional, and the three-dimensional rigid-body statics. These are that the vector sum of all forces acting upon the body must be zero; and the resultant of all torques about any point must be zero. Thus it is necessary to understand the vector sums of forces and torques.

In studying statics problems, two principles, superposition and transmissibility, are used repeatedly on force vectors. They are applicable to all vectors, but specifically to forces and torques (first moments of forces). The principle of superposition of vectors is that the sum of any two vectors is another vector. The principle of transmissibility of a force applied to a rigid body is that the same mechanical effect is produced by any shift of the application of the force along its line of action. To use the superposition principle to add two vectors, the principle of transmissibility is used to move some vectors along their line of action in order to add to their components.

The moment of a force about a directed line is a signed number whose value can be obtained by applying these two rules: (1) The moment of a force about a line parallel to the force is zero. (2) The moment of a force about a line normal to a plane containing the force is the product of the magnitude of the force and the least distance from the line to the line of the force. See Equilibrium of forces, Force, Torque

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Statics