Separation (redirected from stereo separation)

separation, in law, either the voluntary agreement of husband and wife to live apart or a partial dissolution of the marriage relation by court order. The marriage bond remains, and remarriage of either party is criminal. The separated parties will ordinarily be bound by the provisions of an agreement respecting the amount to be paid for separate maintenance and the adjustment of their property rights. Separation by court decree is a divorce a mensa et thora [from bed and board]; the parties are forbidden to live together, and the wife may have a right to alimony. The laws of the states of the United States vary greatly as to separation; generally, jurisdictions where divorce is difficult to obtain have a more lenient policy toward legal separation than do jurisdictions with easier divorce laws. The main grounds for legal separation are adultery, cruelty, and desertion.

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separation

Family law the cessation of cohabitation between a man and wife, either by mutual agreement or under a decree of a court

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separation [‚sep·ə′rā·shən]

(aerospace engineering)

The action of a fallaway section or companion body as it casts off from the remaining body of a vehicle, or the action of the remaining body as it leaves a fallaway section behind it.

(chemical engineering)

The separation of liquids or gases in a mixture, as by distillation or extraction.

(engineering)

The action segregating phases, such as gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid.

The segregation of solid particles by size range, as in screening.

(engineering acoustics)

The degree, expressed in decibels, to which left and right stereo channels are isolated from each other.

(geology)

The apparent relative displacement on a fault, measured in any given direction.

(mining engineering)

The removal of gangue from raw ores, as in frothing.

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separation

The development of layers of paint of different composition in a can during storage when the materials are not completely soluble, miscible, or stable.

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Separation 

in analytical chemistry, any one of a number of methods used to detect and quantitatively analyze a given element or substance found in a complex material. Separation methods are important because most analytical methods are not sufficiently selective. Group reagents simplify the difficult analysis of complex mixtures and, as a result, are used to separate ions found in elements. Separation methods include precipitation, extraction, chromatography, and distillation.

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Separation 

any of the processes used in separating the components of mixtures of heterogeneous solid particles, mixtures of liquids of various density, emulsions, or suspensions of solid particles or droplets in gases or vapors. The components to be separated do not change their chemical composition. For example, a mixture of mineral grains upon separation is divided into products consisting of the same minerals in different quantitative ratios. Separation is based on differences in the physical or physicochemical properties of the components of a mixture. These differences include the size of the solid particles, shape, color, luster, coefficient of friction, strength, elasticity, surface wettability, magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, luminescence, and radioactivity.

In the concentration of minerals, almost all the operations, including screening and classification, can be regarded as forms of separation. Variants include air-actuated, or pneumatic, separation, heavy-media separation, magnetic separation, flotation separation, electrical separation, triboadhesive separation, radiometric separation, friction separation, and elasticity separation.

In agriculture, the operations for separating grains during processing are also called separation. Grains can be separated according to grain size, shape, density, coefficient of friction, elasticity, and magnetic susceptibility.

The properties that are to distinguish the products of separation do not always coincide with the characteristics that can be used in effecting the separation. For example, in the separation of coal from rock materials, products having the same densities may have different amounts of ash, which determines the quality of the coal. In order to select a means of separation, the composition of the mixture to be separated is studied, as are the properties of the components and the extent of the correspondence between the desired characteristics and the properties that make possible a separation. Separation in most cases is based not on one major property distinguishing the components but on a series of properties. Thus, separation depends on the conditions of the operation and on the apparatus (separator) in which the process is performed. For example, in air separation by size, fine particles must be carried in an air stream, and the results of the separation are determined not only by the size of the particles but also by particle density and shape. A large number of individual particles (grains) take part in separation; these include particles with properties with intermediate properties relative to the major characteristic. As a result, industrial separation of an initial mixture does not yield pure fractions of the separated substances but rather products having a composition that is predominantly of one component.

REFERENCES

Barskii, L. A., and I. N. Plaksin. Kriterii optimizalsii razdelitel’nykh protsessov. Moscow, 1967.
Spravochnik po obogashcheniiu rud, vols. 1–3. Moscow, 1972–74.
Gortinskii, V. V., A. B. Demskii, and M. A. Boriskin. Protsessy separirovaniia na zernopererabatyvaiushchikh predpriiatiiakh. Moscow, 1973.
Spravochnik po obogashcheniiu uglei. Moscow, 1974.

V. A. PEROV