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pass
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pass, opening or way by which a natural or artificial barrier can be crossed. The term pass is usually applied to a relatively narrow passage through a mountainous region. A pass, like an isthmus, may have great strategic and economic importance; the history of a nation has often been determined by its success or failure in defending a pass, and land trade routes must necessarily cross passes. In the Alps, Saint Bernard Saint Bernard, two Alpine passes, both used since antiquity. The

Great Saint Bernard (alt. 8,110 ft/2,472 m), on the Italian-Swiss border, links Valais canton, Switzerland, with Valle d'Aosta, Italy.
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, Simplon Simplon Road built (1800–1806) by Napoleon I. The Simplon Railway passes through

Simplon Tunnel I and II, one of the longest (both 12.3 mi/19.8 km) in Europe.
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, and Saint Gotthard Saint Gotthard Pass, 6,935 ft (2,114 m) high. The pass, first extensively used in the 11th cent., has been important since then. It is crossed by the St. Gotthard Road (built 1820–30). The St.
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 are important; in the Caucasus, Daryal Daryal (däryăl`, Rus. dəryäl`) or Dariel
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 is traversed by a great military road; in Asia, Khyber Pass Khyber Pass (kī`bər), narrow, steep-sided pass, 28 mi (45 km) long, winding through the Safed Koh Mts.
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 into India and the passes of the Himalayas, Karakorum Karakorum Pass (alt. 18,290 ft/5,575 m), the chief pass, is on the main Kashmir-China route. Another important pass, Khunjerab (Kunjirap) Pass (alt. 15,420 ft/4,700 m), is on the Pakistan-China route (see Hunza ).
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, and other ranges are important.

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