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ultramontanism
(redirected from ultramontanist)

   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.03 sec.
ultramontanism (ŭl'trəmŏn`tənĭzəm) [Lat.,=beyond the mountains, i.e., the Alps], formerly, point of view of Roman Catholics who supported the pope as supreme head of the church, as distinct from those who professed Gallicanism Gallicanism (găl`ĭkənĭz'əm), in French Roman Catholicism, tradition of resistance to papal authority.
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 or other tendencies opposing the papal jurisdiction. The term was used principally in France by Gallicans, especially before the French Revolution, but it was revived in 19th-century Germany by the group that left the church as Old Catholics Old Catholics, Christian denomination established by German Catholics who separated themselves from the Roman Catholic Church when they rejected (1870) the decrees of the First Vatican Council , especially the dogma of the infallibility of the pope.
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 after the First Vatican Council Vatican Council, First, 1869–70, the 20th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church (see council, ecumenical ), renowned chiefly for its enunciation of the doctrine of papal infallibility .
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. The term is now obsolete, since all those in communion with the pope accept his supremacy. See papacy papacy (pā`pəsē), office of the pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church.
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As Burton notes, Melanie Calvat was indeed an "object of veneration on the part of many ultra-Catholics," but this was largely because they saw her as a martyr persecuted by the ultramontanist Catholic authorities.
Massa makes a persuasive case that in the pilgrimage to the suburbs, the university, and the White House, Catholics moved away from a separatist, ultramontanist position that tied them to Rome and embraced a liberal, Americanist stance that accepted--sometimes uncritically--central elements of the American vision.
Marriage restrictions, she suggests, were part of a restorationist policy, strongly supported by the influential and also conservative and ultramontanist Catholic clergy (civil marriage was only introduced into the Tyrol by the Nazis, in 1939).
 
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