Cupule


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cupule

[′kyü‚pyül]
(botany)
The cup-shaped involucre characteristic of oaks.
A cup-shaped corolla.
The gemmae cup of the Marchantiales.
(invertebrate zoology)
A small sucker on the feet of certain male flies.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Cupule

 

an organ that surrounds an entire fruit or only the base of a fruit. The cupule is formed by the proliferation of the fused bract and bractlets of pistillate flowers (for example, in the filbert and hornbeam). It may also be formed by the proliferation of the axils of the inflorescence on which the bracts and bractlets of undeveloped flowers appear in the form of nodules, scales, or needles (for example, in the oak). In the beech and chestnut, the axil of the inflorescence, in addition to the leaves, may take part in the formation of the cupule.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
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References in periodicals archive ?
The cupule and peel of oak were harvested from natural habitats in Dinarvand village in Lorestan provenance from Iran.
Antibacterial activity of cupule and peel extracts from oak (Quercus persica)
Although we do not know how cupule marks were produced, their uniformity in shape and size on Uneapa may suggest that the techniques used were relatively constant.
Rock art as material culture: a case study on Uneapa Island, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea
In Ficinia, a cupule grows out from the hypogynous stalk, which is persistent on the fruit.
A floral ontogenetic approach to questions of homology within the Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae)
Because cupule removal is labor intensive and risks the integrity of the caryopsis, it is necessary to find methods of increasing germination of intact seed.
Enhancing germination of eastern gamagrass seed with stratification and gibberellic acid
Female flowers and cupules of Balanopaceae, an enigmatic rosid family.
An updated classification of the class Magnoliopsida
(2002) tested the roles of the cupule and pericarp on seed dormancy of eastern gamagrass.
Response of eastern gamagrass seed to gibberellic acid buffered below its pKa. (Seed Physiology, Production & Technology)
(1918): "Les Sculptures sur Rochers du Petit Pre et du Champ du Chiron, pres Saint-Mesmin-le-Vieux (Vendee) [Pied; Cupule; Fauteuil; Bassin; Rigoles]", Bulletin de la Societe prehistorique francaise, 15 (3), pp.
Interpretacion y sobreinterpretacion en la reconstruccion historica: una reflexion sobre los petroglifos con podomorfos en Galicia
The mouth of each of the three figures is depicted by a single line with a pair of pecked cupule eyes.
Dating the Dreaming: extinct fauna in the petroglyphs of the Pilbara region, Western Australia
The study consisted of (i) a cupule removal experiment with four seed lots combined with two cupule conditions (cupule intact, cupule removed) and two fungicide treatments (untreated and treated) using approximately 8-mo-old seed produced in 1995, (ii) a scarification experiment with three seed lots combined with three seed conditions (cupule intact, cupule removed and caryopsis scarified) using approximately 7-mo-old seed produced in 1996, and (iii) a scarification experiment of four seed lots combined with three seed conditions (cupule intact, cupule removed and caryopsis scarified) using approximately 18-mo-old seed produced in 1995.
Cupule removal and caryopsis scarification improves germination of eastern gamagrass seed. (Seed Physiology, Production & Technology)
(d)Podostemoideae posses an additional envelope, homologous to prophylls or leaves (spathella), whereas Tristichoideac have a cuplike cover (Cupule) (Rutishauser, 1997.) (e)Haber (1959, 1961, 1966) interprets the scales as a petal whorl, because their vasculature is connected with the sepal lateral bundles, their tetramerous plan, and the alternisepalous position.
Staminodes: Their morphological and evolutionary significance
The indurate first glume and hard bony rachis internode form a cupule or fruit case that surrounds the pistillate spikelet.
Seed germination and dormancy in eastern gamagrass. (Forage & Grazing Lands)
The relatively small (10-15 mm diameter), ovoid-triangular nuts are produced in a four-valved, leathery cupule that is usually covered with short, recurved appendages.
The Evolutionary Ecology of Nut Dispersal

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