Disruptive Selection


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Disruptive Selection

 

a type of natural selection in an animal or plant population resulting in the appearance of two or several new forms from a single inceptive one. For example, in the absence of food necessary for the growing young of perch, that is, the fingerlings of other fish, there may remain only “dwarfs” (individuals with severely retarded growth, who may feed for a long time on plankton crustaceans) and “giants” (individuals capable by the end of their first year of feeding on fingerling perch of their own generation). As a result of disruptive selection, in a number of years genetically conditioned races of giants and dwarfs are formed in a body of water.

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Polymorphism as an outcome of disruptive selection.
Optimization theory in plant evolution: an overview of long-term evolutionary prospects in the angiosperms
So, could disruptive selection have contributed to today's rainbow of birds?
Dull birds and bright ones beat so-so guys
Speciation via disruptive selection on habitat preference: experimental evidence.
Body size, natural selection, and speciation in sticklebacks
First, the populations may be species that arose very recently and differentiated under strong disruptive selection.
Hybridization studies on the host races of Eurosta solidaginis: implications for sympatric speciation
Clones of one aphid population which had not been subject to disruptive selection in the current generation were tested for fitness indices across three host plant species.
A trade-off for host plant utilization in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae
saxatilis split because of disruptive selection in two conspecific morphs, one upper-shore and one lower-shore, that still maintain an important gene flux between them (Johannesson et al.
Incipient reproductive isolation between two sympatric morphs of the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis
Compared to parametric regression, the cubic spline technique is better able to identify dips and modes that might indicate local stabilizing or disruptive selection in an otherwise directional selection surface.
Experimental evidence for the evolutionary significance of temperature-dependent sex determination
Conversely, if the mean drifts sufficiently close to the saddle point, past the transition between stabilizing and disruptive selection, then increases in variance resulting from disruptive selection can change the mean fitness function enough to move the saddle point past the mean.
Variance-induced peak shifts
2] is again a measure of the strength of selection and B = 1/c is a parameter reflecting the relative contributions of balancing and disruptive selection.
Exchangeable models from population genetics
To determine whether characters were under stabilizing or disruptive selection, rather than directional selection, we tested the regressions for second-order effects by entering the square of each standardized character into the regression models.
Breeding competition in a Pacific salmon (Coho: Oncorhynchus kisutch): measures of natural and sexual selection
They applied disruptive selection to bristle number at two levels: moderate, in which the upper and lower 25% of individuals were selected for breeding, and high, in which the upper and lower 1% of individuals were selected.
Laboratory experiments on speciation: what have we learned in 40 years?
The general patterns of stabilizing and disruptive selection are summarized in table 2.
Evolution of host-parasite diversity

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