Ejective

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Ejective

a consonant articulated with a closure and upward movement of the glottis, as a result of which air is ejected in a sharp burst, giving the effect of a glottal stop. Ejectives are usually stops. They are found in the languages of Asia, America, and Africa and in the Dagestan and Kartevelian languages (ρ’, t’, k’,c’). Fricative ejectives are less common, for example, Hausa ’ya’ya (”children”).

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Phonetic conditioning of word-final ejective stops in the speech of Scottish English pre-school children'.

Orkney English phonology: observations from interview data

The research also indicate that as elevation increases, so does the likelihood of languages with ejectives.

Altitude affects the way languages are spoken

Other unfamiliar phonemes also suggest word breaks: ejectives in (f and 1), and an aspirated uvular in (j).

Phonetics and word definition in Ahtna Athabascan *

Tolowa (Athabaskan, Northern Amerindian) has a contrast between plain and ejective stops in all oral noncontinuants; this contrast does not exist in the labials, however.

Patterns of segmental modification in consonant inventories: a cross-linguistic study *

VOT of aspirated stops was found longest, for voiced stops it was shortest, and ejectives had an intermediate VOT.

Acoustic Analysis of Hindko Stops

Kortlandt 1985: 193), not ejectives, as they are in Athabaskan.

Glottalization and tonogenesis in Athabaskan, Balto-Slavic and Germanic/ Glotalizacija i geneza tona u athabaskanskom, baltoslavenskom i germanskom

Lonnet and Simeone-Serelle also confirm that the emphatic consonants of MSA are glottalized rather than pharyngealized, placing MSA with Ethiopic, against Arabic; this supports the conclusion that Proto-Semitic emphatics were glottalized ejectives.