Enclitic

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enclitic

Enclitics are reduced or contracted forms of words. They are attached to the word that precedes them by an apostrophe, and they are dependent on that word for their meaning.

Enclitics generally consist of just one consonant sound and cannot stand on their own. In English, they are usually the unstressed forms of functional words such as auxiliary verbs, determiners, participles, and pronouns. As such, they have grammatical rather than lexical meaning (compared with suffixes, which create new words through inflection).

Enclitic

an unstressed word that in speech becomes attached to the previous stressed word. The two words together form an accentual unit, or phonetic word. The most common enclitics in Russian are particles, such as by, zhe, -ka, li, and -to, as in gdé-by and ddi-ka. Pronouns, nouns, and verbs, depending on the context, can also function as enclitics, as in the sentence Gdé byl étot chelovék? (“Where was that man?”)

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References in periodicals archive ?

Author X's" text in LC stands out: the ratio of enclitics is too high for Ford, 121.

The Laws of Candy: who was Ford's collaborator?

In some dialects of Imperia, Liguria, imperative phrases consisting of a verb plus enclitic pronoun(s) can be pronounced with stress in various positions: on the verb, or on the penultimate or final syllable of the phrase.

Where did all the dialects go? Aspects of the influence of Italian on dialects

In these dialects, possessive constructions with kinship terms (and a few other nouns, such as casa) are also unique, since the possessive is enclitic to the noun and the definite article does not appear.

L'italiano in movimento: teaching a moving target

Of importance throughout the paper is the grammatical coding of SAP arguments, which are indicated by second position pronominal enclitics that follow the first word of the clause.

Ditransitive alignment in Yakima Sahaptin

153) allows for the possibility of post-tonic stress in enclitics, as in

Italian vowel clusters in singing, Part I: syllable, vowel length, and stress

The imperative forms in (55) show that enclitics never count towards satisfying the bisyllabic minimality requirement (Myers 1995: 87-88):

Directional asymmetries in the morphology and phonology of words, with special reference to Bantu

The brief text ends with the song-word vocable o, rhyming with the Purposive enclitic -no, which ends the previous line.

"Too long, that wangga': analysing wangga texts over time

37) With this information, one interpretation of "Dead from the waist down" would be that once they are regressively assimilated, the enclitics lose any forward grammatical force and are in a sense "dead.

Increasing suspicion about Browning's Grammarian

Recognizing the incongruity (45), Momma wisely eliminates the distinction between proclitics and enclitics in her reinterpretation of Kuhn's laws--as do most of Kuhn's interpreters, in practice if not explicitly, a point duly noted (46 n.

The Composition of Old English Poetry

Such change of accent in enclitics, he remarks, results in removal of formal coincidence (48, p.

Appollonius Dyscolus and the ambiguity of ambiguity

One wishes that the contributors had made more effort to furnish examples where the text of the Avesta can be substantially improved (with previously unrecognized linguistic forms and/ or meaning, rather than merely dots separating enclitics, etc.

The Transmission of the Avesta

There are alphabetized sections on word stems, postbases, word endings of verbs and nouns, and enclitics, which precede 31 appendices covering, inter alia, such topics as inflection, roots and stems, kinship terms, ice and snow terms, time, location, counting, and names.