Various studies have reported several microorganisms for production of oxygen reducing cytoplasmic membrane fragments, such as Escherichia coli,
Gluconobacter oxydans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium phlei, Azotobacter vinlandii and Salmonella typhimurium (Ahmad et al., 2017; Adler, 1990).
Others with >1% abundance also varied or disappeared, such as Lactococcus, while some appeared in >1% abundance, such as Weissella (1.47%),
Gluconobacter (1.52%), and Stenotrophomonas (1.30%).
The presence of
Gluconobacter bacteria re suits in the formation of gluconic acid, as well as respective 2-oxo gluconic, 5-oxo gluconic and 2.5-dioxo-gluconic acids, which have a combined effect in terms of S[O.sub.2] that is even more pronounced than gluconic acid (see Figure 4: "Enzymatic D-gluconic Acid Oxidation").
Monitoring of dihydroxyacetone production during oxidation of glycerol by immobilized
Gluconobacter oxydans cells with an enzyme biosensor.
Identification of acetic acid bacteria isolated from Indonesian sources, especially of isolates classified in the genus
Gluconobacter. J Gen Appl Microbiol.
Gluconobacter japonicus Cruz Pedrozo Miguel et al., 2010 Lb.
This result is in accordance to Adler (1990) as he described that various bacterial species like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Gluconobacter oxydans, Azotobacter vinlandii, Mycobacterium phlei and Salmonella typhimurium have been used as a source for active oxyrase membrane fragments.
Gorton, "Electrical 'wiring' of viable
Gluconobacter oxydans cells with a flexible osmiumredox polyelectrolyte," Electrochemistry Communications, vol.
Effects of Bacillus megaterium on growth and 2-KGA synthesizing of
gluconobacter oxydans in vitamin C two-step fermentation process.
V Donova et al., "Evaluation of a
Gluconobacter oxydans whole cell biosensor for amperometric detection of xylose," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol.
Perturbation of the normal gut community, which can be caused by a defective regulation of antimicrobial peptide, leads to the dominance of the pathogenic commensal
Gluconobacter morbifer and ultimately to gut apoptosis [82].
The genera of lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus, while the acetic acid bacteria genera are Acetobacter and
Gluconobacter (Du Toit and Pretorius, 2002).