Holinshed

, Holingshed

Raphael. died ?1580, English chronicler. His Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1577) provided material for Shakespeare's historical and legendary plays

Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

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This suggests an archaic notion of predestination relying upon an interpretation of the weird, or fatal, sisters as "goddesses of destinie," as Holinshed called them, something between oracles and Parcae, and yet at the same time, Holinshed also said, interpreters of Christian providence.

Linguistic Taboos and the "Unscene" of Fear in Macbeth

(24) Jodi Mikalachki has affirmed that Holinshed is Fletcher's major source in The Legacy of Boadicea: Gender and Nation in Early Modern England (New York, 2014), 103.

Sejanus, the King's Men Altar Scenes, and the Theatrical Production of Paganism

McNeir argued years ago, to accounts in Holinshed (following John Leslie's Scottish history) of the Italian charlatan Damien, who apparently amused the historical James IV, chiefly by his attempts to fly.

Scottish Histories: Robert Greene's James the Fourth (c. 1590) in the Light (and Shadow) of David Lyndsay's Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis (1552)

(10) Holinshed's account uses the word mist twice; these come on successive pages, and in both instances the word refers to Arden's assassin (singular in the chronicle, plural in the play) missing the opportunity to kill him.

Wordplay in Earliest Shakespeare

Simon Forman, after seeing a performance of Macbeth on 20 April 1611, called them 'women feiries or Nimphes', while Holinshed had described them as 'three women in strange and wild apparell, resembling creatures of elder world'.

Evil and Fascination in Macbeth

The 1587 edition of Holinshed's Chronicle, for instance,

Bloodlines and blood spilt: historical retelling and the rhetoric of sovereignty in Shakespeare's first tetralogy

Wine that the play was composed after the second edition of Holinshed's Chronicles in 1587, on the basis that the latter's printed marginal notes seem to inform the play's treatment of the events.

The Tragedy of Master Arden of Faversham, True Crime, and the Literary Marketplace of the 1580s

On the other hand, as Shapiro shows at length, there is irrefutable evidence that the sources of King Lear likely include an earlier English play entitled King Leir, Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain, Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles, and Philip Sidney's Arcadia.

It was a very good year

Holinshed's Chronicles describe the Rouen campaign that actually took place in Pataie--or Patay.

Birds, humans, and taking flight in Shakespeare's first tetralogy

In his Chronicles (1577), Raphael Holinshed depicts Edward's death in ambiguous, even contradictory, terms because he melded multiple accounts of the incident from varied sources:

Of Knife, Quill, Horn, and Skin: Inscription and Violence in Christopher Marlowe's Edward II

Shakespeare's main historical source was Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, published in 1587.

SHAKESPEARE'S TWISTER; THE BIG READ WILL DIDN'T LET FACTS GET IN WAY OF GOOD STORY WRITING MACBETH How and why the playwright used his artistic licence to dramatically change and embellish the real life story of the 11th century Scots king

Interestingly, King Edward and the healing of the sick is not to be found in Shakespeare's chief source, The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Ireland by Raphael Holinshed. It is entirely of Shakespeare's own invention and, hence, even weightier.