Ispravnik

district police chief in pre-revolutionary Russia. The post of ispravnik was instituted in 1775. Until 1862 he was called kapitan-ispravnik and was at the head of the rural (zem-stvo) court, a collegial body that had authority over the district. He was elected by the local dvorianstvo (nobility or gentry) for three years. Several changes were made in 1862: the ispravnik headed the district police administration, his authority became monocrotic and was extended to the district city as well, and he was appointed and removed by the governor.

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At the district level, specialists point to the district police officer (uezdnyi ispravnik) and the district marshal of the nobility as holding the reins of power.

Local administration in and after the reform era: mechanisms of authority and their efficacy in Russia

In Russia, moreover, bureaucratic control, to the degree that it existed at all, did not normally penetrate to the village level; it ended at the district town, where the land captain (zemskii ispravnik), assisted by two subordinates and a small military command of thirty-four men, administered rural districts of forty to sixty thousand inhabitants.

Household economies and communal conflicts on a Russian serf estate, 1800-1817

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