Jacopone da Todi

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Jacopone da Todi

Jacopone da Todi (yäkōpôˈnā dä tôˈdē), 1230?–1306, Italian religious poet, whose name was originally Jacopo Benedetti. After the sudden death of his wife, he renounced (c.1268) his career as an advocate, gave his goods to the poor, and after 10 years of penance became a Franciscan tertiary. Jacopone was excommunicated and imprisoned (1298) for signing a manifesto against Pope Boniface VIII. After his release, he retired to a hermitage. He wrote many ardent, mystical poems and is probably the author of the hymn Stabat Mater Dolorosa. The spiritual value of poverty is frequently the theme of his poetry.

Bibliography

See E. Underhill, Jacopone da Todi, Poet and Mystic (with selections, 1919); H. White, A Watch in the Night (1933).

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Jacopone da Todi

(real name, Jacopo dei Benedetti). Born circa 1230 in Todi, Umbria; died Dec. 25, 1306, in Collazzone. Italian poet.

Jacopone was educated as a lawyer and practiced law until 1268. He subsequently entered the Franciscan Order. As a result of his vigorous denunciation of Pope Boniface VIII, he was excommunicated from the church and imprisoned; his confinement lasted from 1298 to 1303. Folk legends depicted him as a holy fool.

Jacopone’s poetry was connected with the mass religious movements of the 13th century and expressed their spirit and ideals. In his laudi written in the Umbrian dialect (sacred songs), which made wide use of images from secular lyric poetry, he defended ascetic scorn for earthly riches, glorified poverty, and spoke rapturously of his love for god. One of his best laudi is “The Lady From Paradise,” or “The Lament of the Madonna,” a kind of drama about the execution of Christ. Jacopone also wrote hymns in Latin, including “Stabat Mater.”

WORKS

Laudi. Florence, 1953.

REFERENCES

De Sanctis, F. Itoriia ital’ianskoi literatury, vol. 1. Moscow, 1963.
Trombadori, G. Jacopone da Todi. Venice, 1925.
Russo, L. Ritratti e disegni storici, series 3: Studi sul Due e Trecento. Bari, 1951.
Sapegno, N. Frate Jacopone. Naples, 1969. (Contains bibliography.)

R. I. KHLODOVSKII

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A different reminder of mortality is Jacopone da Todi's poetic tour deforce enumerating all the natural (and some unnatural) horrors he longs to suffer in his shame at being human.

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The "Stabat Mater" is a 13th century poem most likely written by Franciscan friar Jacopone da Todi (1230-1306), but sometimes ascribed to Pope Innocent III, which portrays the Virgin Mary's suffering during Jesus Christ's death by crucifixion.

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An outspoken opponent of austere religious orders and an openly corrupt man, the actions of the simoniacal Boniface VIII inflamed the verbal fury of Jacopone da Todi, a Franciscan friar associated with the Spirituales.

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Otherwise known as Jacopone da Todi, because he was born in that Umbrian town.

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But whereas those previous composers had transposed the text totally and directly, Jenkins has fused it with several other texts, using middle eastern instruments that would tie the sound authentically to the actual time period of Stabat Mater, which was originally written by Franciscan friar Jacopone da Todi in the 13th century.

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They touch on a wide range of topics: Dante's relations with Boniface VIII and the Jubilee; his treatment of the Franciscans; a further look at Boniface VIII, Dante and Jacopone da Todi; Dante's treatment of Purgatory; representations of the Church in the 'Heaven of the Sun'; a most interesting discussion of Dante's views of the Church and political thought in Monarchia; and, finally, how people have misread clerical and civic duty in Inferno XXIII.

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Francis"--there is no discussion of her contemporary Jacopone da Todi's image of Francis), it would be virtually impossible to deduce the major theme of this book.

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It could well be that the ideas of poverty in Jacopone da Todi's Lauds (such lauds 28, 31, 53, 59, 60) came to the attention of Giles through the Colonna or the defenders of the Celestinians (and related groups).

Medieval studies

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