Even though many of the leading
Livonian manor farms were qualitatively, as well as quantitatively, productive, Middendorff claimed their outputs were not enough to guarantee the competitiveness of Livonia's agricultural products.
The main reason was probably the fact that the
Livonian problem, the anti-Russian sentiments and attitudes among the public in Germany, bred by the
Livonian War, inhibited Russia's rapprochement to the imperial House of Habsburg and necessitated a compromise acceptable for all the partners, including residents of Livonia.
In the
Livonian Tongue, C rugata is identified in the Jelgava Formation close to the bentonite bII or in the interval with two bentonites (Figs.
It was interesting to learn that the special status of
Livonian tones was first noted as early as 1861 by Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann and later by such famous authors as Kalevi Wiik, Eberhard Winkler, Seppo Suhonen, Arvo Eek, Tiit-Rein Viitso, Ilse Lehiste, Karl Pajusalu etc.
A possible Danish invasion of the disputed provinces, occupied by the Teutonic Order's
Livonian branch would bring "the loss of many souls and offence to many more".
Going back to the
Livonian War prosecuted under Ivan the Terrible, the Baltics have always managed to maintain an identity separate and distinct from the Slavic civilisation surrounding them, which survived even the most trying periods under Russian and Soviet rule.
Miina Norvik, Future Time Reference Devices in
Livonian in Finnic Context, Tartu 2015 (Dissertationes Linguisticae Universitatis Tartuensis 25).
From the available material it appears that the master of the
Livonian Order asked in 1436 to deploy the German-originated brickmaster to Narva, with a purpose of choosing a place for the brickworks and to search for suitable clay for firing bricks.
During the last decade much attention has been paid to the correlation of different facies of the Porkuni Regional Stage in the East Baltic, where the Hirnantia brachiopod fauna is distributed in the
Livonian Tongue of the Central Baltoscandian Facies Belt (Brenchley et al.
He finds additional support for his conclusion in the codicological seam in SK between the descriptions of the Russo-Swedish and
Livonian wars of the 1550s (between chapters 17 and 18 of the 17th "Step"), which corresponds to the codicological and informational seams in the Obolenskii manuscript of the Nikon Chronicle and the Compilation of 1560.
In 1660-1661 a lawsuit between the landowner and a leaseholder of manor Allasch (Allazi, near Riga) took place at a
Livonian county court.
Their topics include the history of the Franconian tone contrast, grounding Nguni depressor effects,
Livonian stod, and synchronic alterations between monophthongs and diphthongs in Franconian tone accent dialects: a metrical approach.
