The mean recoveries of rotenone in the hemolymph, midgut, ventral
nerve cord, brain, and excreta were within the ranges of 80.
To identify the cellular origin of the tonofilaments, cells near the brain and ventral
nerve cord were examined.
Before the 64-cell stage, the presumptive notochord/
nerve cord cells divide into presumptive notochord cells and presumptive
nerve cord cells (purple cells and blue cells in Fig.
Hereby, molluscan-entoproct tetraneury is not merely restricted to the existence of four longitudinal
nerve cords, but rather is defined by a nervous system that exhibits one pair of ventral (pedal)
nerve cords with associated serotonergic perikarya and commissures, as well as one pair of lateral (visceral)
nerve cords that do not run in the same plane as the pedal cords but more dorsal to them (Fig.
IR decreased and merged with that in the developing
nerve cord (Fig.
Consistent with the results from other gymnolaemate larvae, two rows of sensory neurons border the ciliated groove and their axonal fibers form a
nerve cord that enters the nerve nodule (BCN; Fig.
was undertaken to locate the
nerve cord and thus establish the dorsal-ventral axis for Osedax.
We propose that the longitudinal
nerve cords of insects and vertebrates derive from one and the same centralized nervous system in their common ancestor," wrote Detlev Arendt and Katharina Nubler-Jung of the Albert Ludwigs University in Freiburg.
japonicum connects to the ventral
nerve cord through the cerebro-buccal connectives (Fig.
That protein causes the axons to grow dorsally, toward the top of the nematode, instead of taking their usual route along the side of the animal or down toward the ventral
nerve cord, the Canadian team reports in the July 22 NATURE.
Behavioral studies suggest that many of the complex actions performed by octopus arms are organized at the level of the peripheral
nerve cord (Altman, 1971; Wells, 1978; Sumbre et al.
The severed
nerve cord was enough to bring us down," Whittaker said.
