Newark

Newark

, cities, United States

Newark. 1 City (1990 pop. 37,861), Alameda co., W Calif., on the east side of San Francisco Bay; inc. 1955. There is food processing and the manufacture of plastics, furniture, feeds, semiconductors, chemicals, machine parts, paper and gypsum products, and computers. Salt is harvested from the bay.

2 City (1990 pop. 25,098), New Castle co., NW Del.; settled before 1700, inc. 1852. The third largest city in the state, it is the seat of the Univ. of Delaware. Metal products, electrical and transportation equipment, machinery, consumer goods, plastics, construction materials, and apparel are produced. The only Revolutionary battle on Delaware soil was fought (Sept., 1777) at nearby Cooch's bridge.

3 City (1990 pop. 275,221), seat of Essex co., NE N.J., on the Passaic River and Newark Bay; settled 1666, inc. as a city 1836. It is a port of entry and the largest city in the state. Located only 8 mi (13 km) W of New York City, Newark is a transportation, industrial, commercial, and manufacturing center. Its leather industry dates from the 17th cent., and its still-significant jewelry manufactures and insurance businesses began in the early 19th cent. Among the city's many other products are beer, cutlery, electronic equipment, textiles, pharmaceuticals, fabricated metal items, and paints. Newark International Airport is one of the nation's busiest, and the important seaport is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The city has a large minority population; over 50% of its residents are African Americans and about 30% are Hispanic. Newark's educational institutions include a campus of Rutgers Univ., the New Jersey Institute of Technology, a campus of the Univ. of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, and a preparatory academy founded in 1774. The New Jersey Devils professional hockey team plays in the city.

Landmarks include Trinity Cathedral (1810, with the spire of a church built in 1743); the Sacred Heart Cathedral (begun 1899, completed 1954); the First Presbyterian Church (1791); the Newark Public Library (founded 1888); the Newark Museum (1909); and the county courthouse (1906), with Gutzon Borglum's statue of Lincoln in front. Other points of interest include Borglum's large group Wars of America (1926) in Military Park (a Revolutionary War drilling ground and a Civil War tenting area) and many historic homes. Aaron Burr and Stephen Crane were born in Newark.

The city was settled (1666) by Puritans from Connecticut under Robert Treat. It was the scene of Revolutionary skirmishes. Industrial growth began after the American Revolution, aided by the development of transportation facilities. The Morris Canal was opened in 1832, and the railroads arrived in 1834 and 1835. A flourishing shipping business resulted, and Newark became the area's industrial center. In the late 19th cent. its industry was further developed, especially through the efforts of such men as Seth Boyden and J. W. Hyatt. Newark Port opened in 1915, and the city's shipbuilding played an important role in World War I.

During the latter half of the 20th cent., Newark's economy and living standards greatly declined. Many residents fled to the suburbs, which were marked by a boom in corporate development, shopping center growth, and housing construction. Poverty and unemployment plagued Newark, which in July, 1967, was the scene of a major race riot. Two bright spots have been the port, which since 1985 has had a steady increase in volume of exports of containerized cargo, and Newark International Airport, which has expanded greatly. As part of an effort to revitalize the downtown, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center opened in 1997; an indoor arena and outdoor stadium have been constructed since then.

Bibliography

See A. S. Rice, Newark: A Chronological & Documentary History (1977).

4 City (1990 pop. 44,389), seat of Licking co., central Ohio, on the Licking River, in a livestock area; inc. 1826. It is a farm trade and processing center, a transportation hub, and an industrial city. Manufactures include glass, aluminum products, automobile parts, and plastics. The city's Native American mounds attract many visitors. The Newark Earthworks State Memorials include three locations within the city's limits: the Great Circle; the Octagon Mound, with smaller mounds inside the octagon; and the Wright Earthworks. A museum of Native American art is there, as is a campus of the Ohio State Univ.

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The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Newark

 

a city in the northern USA, in the state of New Jersey. Part of the New York City metropolitan area. Population, 382,000 (including suburbs, 1.9 million; 1970). It has a port where the Passaic River flows into Newark Bay, and it is a transportation junction for the western approaches to New York City. The city is a major trade, financial, and industrial center. Manufacturing industry employs 250,000 people, including more than 80,000 in Newark proper. The leading branches are electrical engineering, electronics, chemicals, food-processing, and printing. Light industry, including the fur industry, is developed. The city was founded in 1666.

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Newark

 

a city in the northern USA, in the state of Ohio, on the Licking River. Population, 42,000 (1970). Newark is a railroad junction. Ferrous and nonferrous metals are processed, and glass is produced in the city. There are also machine-building, chemical, and rubber industries. Near Newark there are oil and coal deposits.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Newark

1. a town in N central England, in Nottinghamshire. Pop.: 35 454 (2001)

2. a port in NE New Jersey, just west of New York City, on Newark Bay and the Passaic River: the largest city in the state; founded in 1666 by Puritans from Connecticut; industrial and commercial centre. Pop.: 277 911 (2003 est.)

Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005