While in
operant learning, event 1 increases in probability of occurrence as a result of systematic event 1--event 2 pairings; in respondent learning, it is the magnitude (and likelihood) of event 2 that increases.
On the contrary, the kind of learning that takes place in early language acquisition can almost entirely be accounted for by
operant learning principles.
Relative effectiveness of episodic and conjugate reinforcement on child
operant learning.
This capacity for
operant learning enhances fitness during phylogenetic development.
Indeed, empirical research has repeatedly demonstrated that through
operant learning, humans can gain volitional control over numerous different internal physiological functions and the principle means of developing this control has been with consequences delivered via biofeedback (Schwartz & Olsen, 1995).
The purpose of the analyses in this brief report was to determine the relative efficiency of response-contingent and response-independent stimulation on child
operant learning and two concomitant child behavior (visual attention and affective behavior).
All of these programs follow principles of
operant learning but also make use of adjunctive strategies aimed at verbal discourse exercises, designed to promote stronger positive connections between parents and their children (see Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 1999; Eyberg, 1988; Feinfield & Baker, 2004; Forehand & McMahon, 1981; Schoenwald, Sheidow, Letourneau, & Liao, 2003; Webster-Stratton, Reid, & Hammond, 2004).
2005) Implicit
Operant Learning of Pain Sensitization.
Baron & Menich, 1985; Baron, Menich, & Perone, 1983; Perone & Baron, 1982; Plaud, Gillund, & Ferraro, 2000), to our knowledge, only two basic studies of the degree to which
operant learning can occur in older adults with dementia have been published (Ankus & Quarrington, 1972; Burgess, Wearden, Cox, & Rae, 1992) and we know of none that have appeared since 1992.
Keywords: Infants, premature infants, operant techniques,
operant learning, cognitive processes, development.
Our data, showing that neonatal isolation slowed the rate of acquiring a lever press task, suggest that early life separation can also impair the acquisition of
operant learning.
For instance, according to the authors: (a) "the instrumental behavior of relational framing alters the functions of behavioral processes," (b) "relational framing is operant behavior that affects the process of
operant learning itself," and (c) "The new process is arbitrarily applicable relational responding (or framing events relationally).
